The movement of molecules across the cell membrane without added energy.

Cell Membrane Structure

The head of the lipid molecule is hydrophilic, what does that mean? That they interact well with water. The tail of the lipid molecules is hydrophobic, what does that mean? That they do not interact well with water.

The movement of molecules across a membrane WITHOUT added energy. This will occur until equilibrium is reached. The molecules move WITH the concentration gradient.

The movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

What molecules utilize diffusion?

Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and amino acids use this type of transport.

Ions cannot: Pass through the nonpolar interior of the cell membrane. Because of this, they need to move through a protein channel that passes through the membrane. Ions are: Molecules with a charge and the protein channels can be always open.

Facilitated Diffusion

Type of diffusion where molecules move through carrier or transport proteins to get across the cell membrane.

Have more solute and less water than the liquids inside of the cell. They cause cells to lose water and shrink. Saltwater is an example.

Have less solute and more water than the liquids inside of the cell. They cause cells to gain water and grow. Pure or distilled water is an example.

Have the same amount of solute and the same amount of water as liquids inside of the cell. They cause cells to stay the same size. Saline is an example.

The transport of molecules across the cell membrane using energy (ATP). Usually AGAINST the concentration gradient. Usually, molecules move from low to high concentration.

Movement of large molecules into a cell by engulfing them and forming a vesicle (membrane around the molecule entering). There are two types… Phagocytosis (cell “eating” solid molecules), and pinocytosis (cell “drinking” liquid molecules).

The movement of molecules outside of the cell due to the vesicle fusing with the cell membrane.

What is a receptor protein?

Proteins attached to the cell membrane that can bind (attach to) molecules from other cells (messenger molecules). They are shape-specific.

A cell releases a messenger molecule via exocytosis.

The messenger molecule travels between cells.

The receptor protein of another cell binds to the messenger molecule and a second messenger molecule is generated inside of the cell.

What does a sodium-potassium pump do?

3 Na+ (sodium) out of every 2 K+ (potassium) in.

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Science Unit 3 QR3

Term	Definition
Passive Transport	The movement of molecules across the cell membrane without added energy.
Cell Membrane Structure	The head of the lipid molecule is hydrophilic, what does that mean? That they interact well with water. The tail of the lipid molecules is hydrophobic, what does that mean? That they do not interact well with water.
Passive Transport	The movement of molecules across a membrane WITHOUT added energy. This will occur until equilibrium is reached. The molecules move WITH the concentration gradient.
Diffusion	The movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
What molecules utilize diffusion?	Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and amino acids use this type of transport.
Ion Channels	Ions cannot: Pass through the nonpolar interior of the cell membrane. Because of this, they need to move through a protein channel that passes through the membrane. Ions are: Molecules with a charge and the protein channels can be always open.
Facilitated Diffusion	Type of diffusion where molecules move through carrier or transport proteins to get across the cell membrane.
Hypertonic	Have more solute and less water than the liquids inside of the cell. They cause cells to lose water and shrink. Saltwater is an example.
Hyoptonic	Have less solute and more water than the liquids inside of the cell. They cause cells to gain water and grow. Pure or distilled water is an example.
Isotonic	Have the same amount of solute and the same amount of water as liquids inside of the cell. They cause cells to stay the same size. Saline is an example.
Active Transport	The transport of molecules across the cell membrane using energy (ATP). Usually AGAINST the concentration gradient. Usually, molecules move from low to high concentration.
Endocytosis	Movement of large molecules into a cell by engulfing them and forming a vesicle (membrane around the molecule entering). There are two types… Phagocytosis (cell “eating” solid molecules), and pinocytosis (cell “drinking” liquid molecules).
Exocytosis	The movement of molecules outside of the cell due to the vesicle fusing with the cell membrane.
What is a receptor protein?	Proteins attached to the cell membrane that can bind (attach to) molecules from other cells (messenger molecules). They are shape-specific.
Step 1	A cell releases a messenger molecule via exocytosis.
Step 2	The messenger molecule travels between cells.
Step 3	The receptor protein of another cell binds to the messenger molecule and a second messenger molecule is generated inside of the cell.
What does a sodium-potassium pump do?	3 Na+ (sodium) out of every 2 K+ (potassium) in.
Does it use energy?	Yes.

Created by: mikuleca

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