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Genetics Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sex-linked gene | gene located on the X or Y chromosome |
| Carrier | a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele |
| pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome |
| genetic engineering | genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism |
| cloning | Making a genetically identical copy of an organism. |
| hybridization | Breeding technique that involves crossing two genetically different individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms |
| inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed. |
| selective breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation |
| Gregor Mendel | Father of genetics |
| dominant allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
| recessive allele | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Purebred | An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. |
| Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Trait | physical characteristic of an organism |
| Allele | Different forms of a gene |
| gene | the factor that controls physical characteristics |
| Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Adenine | Nitrogen base that pairs with Thymine in DNA |
| Cytosine | Nitrogen base that pairs with Guanine in DNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| Guanine | Nitrogen base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA |
| Double Helix | Spiral shape of DNA |
| Thymine | Nitrogen base that pairs with Adenine in DNA |
| Replication | Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
| Uracil | Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA |
| nucleus | Where DNA is located |
| Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| Watson, Crick, and Franklin | Discovered DNA |
| RNA | A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages |
Created by:
lipscold
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