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physical methods

BACT-250

TermDefinition
Boiling or flowing steam Protein denaturation of enzymes. Kills vegetative bacterial and fungal pathogens and almost all viruses within 10 min. less effective on endospores. Dishes, equipment
Autoclaving Protein denturation. Very effective method of sterilization. 15psi at 121 degreees C, all vegetative cells and their endospores are killed in 15 minutes. Microbial media, solutions, linens, utensils, dressings,
Pasteurization protein denatration. (T.B., Coxiella burnetti) Heat treatment for milk that kills known pathogensand most non pathogens. UHT 140*C for 3sec
Direct Flaming Burns contaminants to ashes, very effective. Innoculating loops
Incineration Burning to ashes. Very effective. cups, dressings, carcasses, wipes
Hot-Air sterilization Oxidization. Very effective, but requires 2 hrs at 170*C Glassware, needles, instruments
Filtration Separation of bacteria from suspending liquid. Most filters in use consist of cellulose acetate or nitrocellulose. Useful for sterilizing liquids (toxin, enzymes, vaccines) that are destroyed by heat.
Refrigeration decreased chemical reactions and possible changes in proteins. Has bacteriostatic effect. Food, drug and culture preservation.
Deep-freezing decreased chemical reactions and possible changes in proteins. An effective method for preserving microbial cultures, in which cultures are quick frozen btwn -50* & -95* C. food, drug, and culture preservation
Lyophilization decreased chemical reactions and possible changes in proteins. Freeze Drying. *Most Effective method for preserving microbial cultures. Water removed by a vaccum at low temps. (sublimation)
Desiccation static. Disruption of metabolism. Removing water from microbes
Osmotic Pressure Hypertonic solution/Brine. Plasmolysis. Results in loss of water from microbial cells. Food preservation
Ionizing Radiation Destruction of DNA S&P backbone by gamma rays and high-energy electron beams. Not widespread in routine sterilization. Pharmaceuticals, medical and dental supplies
Nonionizing Radiation Damage to DNA by UV light causing thimine dimers. Not very penetrating. Good for surfaces. Control of closed environment withUV germicidal lamp(mold, wastewater)
Created by: SonyaP
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