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Pediatrics. Ch. 20.
Adolescent Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do adolescents always seem to be hungry | Stomach capacity is too small to meet the increased caloric and protein requirements of the rapid growth spurt |
| Why are dietary deficiencies likely to occur in adolescence | Growth acceleration and irregular eating patterns |
| What are nutrition requirements closely related to | Sexual Maturity Ratings |
| Girls at which SMR stage are close to their peak growth velocity | 2 |
| Boys at which SMR stage are close to their peak growth velocity | 3 |
| What are the most notable changes in adolescent eating habits | Skipped meals, more between meal snacks, and eating out more often |
| What may result in an adolescent eating little during the day and catching up at night | Jobs, school activities, socialization |
| What is the problem with fast food | High in calories, fat, protein, sugar, sodium – Low in fiber |
| What is the guide to assess the fiber requirements for children | Year of age + 5grams |
| What is often the result of carbonated drinks replacing milk | Low intake of calcium, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin D |
| What must be considered when estimating caloric needs | Level of physical activity and gender |
| What are the most likely to be inadequate elements in the adolescent diet | Calcium, iron, vitamin b12 |
| What is known to be essential for growth and sexual maturation and is therefore of great importance in adolescents | Zinc |
| What is a major area of conflict, concerning nutrition, between parents and adolescents | Food and eating fads |
| What do 90% of adolescent vegetarian diets include | Eggs and milk |
| What are iron rich foods in the vegetarian adolescent | Fortified grain products |
| What is the downside to a high intake of foods rich in bran, whole grains, oxalic acid | Iron absorption impairment |
| What foods impair the absorption of iron | A high intake of oxalic acid (spinach), bran, whole grains |
| What foods can provide the zinc necessary for cognitive development | Tofu, nuts, wheat germ, legumes |
| What may be necessary if animal products are totally excluded from the adolescent diet | b12 supplement |
| What is the nursing role in adolescent nutrition | Understand eating pattern, identify fad diets, understand reason for selecting diet, evaluate and discuss any deficiencies |
| What are the cornerstones for success in nutritional education | Developing a partnership with the adolescent in meeting growth needs and allowing the adolescent to take responsibility for meeting own health needs |
| Vegetarians who eat no animal products at all are at risk for developing what deficiencies | Protein, b12, calcium, iron, iodine, zinc |
| When can a totally vegetarian (vegan) diet be adequate | When it is carefully planned |
| What is the best training diet | one that contains food from each group in sufficient quantities to meet energy and nutritional demands |
| What do athletes exhaust reserves of | Muscle glycogen |
| What type of foods can provide rapid recovery of muscle glycogen necessary for maintaining prolonged intense muscle activity | Carbohydrates that can be rapidly converted to blood glucose |
| What will slowly absorbed glucose sources prevent | Development of chronically low muscle energy stores |
| What should a young athlete consume to hasten muscle recovery | 50grams of a rapidly used carb within 4 hours of exercise |
| What will prolong carbohydrate metabolism | Foods high in fat and protein |
| What are some foods that provide a rapid supply of carbohydrates to muscles | Corn flakes, bagels, raisins, maple syrup, potatoes, rice |
| What are some foods that provide a slow supply of carbohydrates muscles | Apples, pears, green peas, chickpeas, skin milk, plain yogurt |
| How should fluids lost by sweat be replaced | By drinking small amount of fluid during a work out |
| What depletes body water | Caffeine and alcohol |
| Besides weight and strength gains, what are the effects of anabolic steroids | Detrimental to bone growth |
| What is particularly necessary for female athletes | Iron |
| What can increase serotonin in the brain | Pancakes and syrup, breakfast pastries, muffin and jelly |
| What effect does increased serotonin in the brain have | Soothing, sleepy response |
| What foods are high in fat and cholesterol | Bacon and eggs |
| What effect does high fat and cholesterol have on the body | Slow to digest diverts blood from the brain causing decreased alertness |
| What effect can more than 4 cups of caffeine have on the body | Overstimulation and nervousness |
| What effect do protein rich meals have on the body | Increased amino acid and tyrosine protein that breaks down into norepinephrine in the brain resulting in increased alertness |
| What are some examples of food that increase choline and acetylcholine | Fish, soy, peanuts, rice |
| What effect do foods that increase choline and acetylcholine have on the body | Increase memory |
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