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8ES Chp 6:Earthquake

8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 6: Earthquakes Coach Leach

TermDefinition
earthquake A measurable movement of the earth's crust.
stress Any force exerted on an object.
compression A contact force that acts to squeeze or crush an object or substance.
tension Forces that act to pull an object apart.
shear Forces acting in opposite directions on different parts of the same object or substance.
divergent boundary The margin between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
convergent boundary The margin between two tectonic plates that are moving toward each other.
transform boundary The margin between two tectonic plates that are sliding in opposite directions parallel to the margin.
strain Any change in the shape of a solid due to stresses exerted on the material.
joint A crack in a rock that shows no indication of motion on either side of the crack.
fault A joint or crack in rock where the rock on both sides of the joint have moved relative to each other.
strike The compass direction of the horizontal plane of the surface of a fault face or rock stratum.
dip The angle of slope of a fault face or stratum, measured from the horizontal plane.
dip-slip fault A fault whos main motion is parallel its dip direction.
normal fault A dip-slip fault in which the upper body of rock drops relative to the body of rock.
reverse fault A dip-slip fault in which the upper body of rock slides upward relative to the lower body of rock.
strike-slip fault A fault along which the main movement is horizontal, or parallel to the fault's strike; also called a transform fault.
seismometer An instrument that detects the movement of the earth due to seismic waves.
P wave The first earthquake wave that reaches a seismic station from an earthquake; these waves are the fastest seismic waves, passing through all parts of the earth's interior and tend to be the least destructive.
S wave The second earthquake wave that reaches a seismic station from an earthquake; they don't pass through the earth's core and are much more destructive than primary waves.
surface wave One of several kinds of earthquake waves that travel only along the surface of the earth; they are slower than P or S waves and far more destructive.
focus The point of an earthquake's origin deep within the earth.
epicenter The location on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.
Richter scale A scale that rates the magnitude of the intensity of an earthquake.
magnitude In seismology, it is a measure of an earthquake's energy.
intensity In earthquakes, it is a measure of the damage that an earthquake causes using the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale
tsunami A far-reaching, devastating water wave caused by seismic activity.
buoyant force The upward force that a fluid exerts on an object in the fluid.
Created by: CoachLeach
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