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Heredity & Genetics

QuestionAnswer
genetics The scientific study of heredity
fertilization process by which the egg and sperm join to form a new organism
purebred the offspring of many generations that have the same traits
heredity the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
trait specific characteristic of an individual that can be passed on to offspring
gene The factors that control a trait
allele Different forms of a gene
DNA A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
dominant allele one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present; represented by a capital letter
recessive allele An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present; represented by a lowercase letter
hybrid organism that has two different alleles for a trait
probability a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Punnett Square a chart that shows all the possible ways alleles can combine in a genetic cross
phenotype physical appearance or visible traits
genotype genetic makeup, or alleles
homozygous organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (purebred)
heterozygous an organism that has two different alleles for a trait (hybrid)
gamete sex cell
somatic cells Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
meiosis process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half as sex cells form
nitrogen bases molecules that contain nitrogen and other elements
adenine always pairs with thymine
guanine always pairs with cytosine
thymine always pairs with adenine
cytosine always pairs with guanine
DNA replication process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides
mutation any change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome
Created by: kmsew
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