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2) Genetics PPW
Biology Revision 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is Mendel and when did he live? | He made his discovery in 1866 and he was a scholar (math) who worked in genetics but didn't talk about it to anyone. His discoveries were explored in the 1900s. |
| What was Mendel's principle? | The mother and the father each gave a heritable trait (called factor) to their offspring, which determined their appearance. He also discovered that one trait is dominant over the other. |
| How did Mendel use the garden pea model to come up with his principle? | Peas can be cross-fertilised artificially by brushing the male organ to fertilise the ovules with pollen. Mendel chose specific traits to have clear differences. With controlled experiment, he was able to come up with dominance and his other principle! |
| SO what was Mendel's use of the scientific method? | 1) Seletc EITHER/OR traits 2)Use plants that were self-fertilised 3) Under controlled variables 4) Reciprocal crosses 5) Independent variable:parents 6) Variable dependent: offspring 7) Quantified results/math analysed |
| What was Medel's first law? | The law of segregation: During the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent. |
| Mendel was intereste in pure lines and sports, what are they? | Pure lines are consistently giving the same phenotype to offsprings and sports is the individual that has the phenotype of a grand-parent (rrecall example of a random red flower popping up in a field bc he expressed the gene of one of his grandparent) |
| How do most genes act? | By causing an enzyme to be made |
| What is an enzyme? What do they give us? | A chemical that brings 2 substances together to make a chemical rxn occur. These chemical rxn give us our appearance. |
| Write down the 6 recessive traits and their phenotypes in humans | Albinism, alkaptonuria, red/green color blindness, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, sicle cell anemia |
| Write down the 6 dominant traits and their phenotypes | Middigital hair, brachydactyly, phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity, huntington disease, polydactyly, Hypercholesterolaemia, Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy HSAN |
| How to tell if a plant is true-breeding? | Do a test cross, so if you don't know whether it's Aa or AA, cross with homozygote recessive aa. |
| Hedetary diseases are usually caused by ... alleles. Why? Give three examples of recessive traits | Recessive bc recessive alleles are genes that have mutated so don't work anymore. Albinism, cystic fibrosis and alkaptonuria |
| What does imbreeding increases the likelyhood of? | Increases chances of that a offspring will inherit 2 copies of a recessive allele (negative bc recessive=more diseases) |
| What is Mendel's second law? | The principle of independent assortment is that in a dihybrid cross, the alleles of each gene assort independently. |
| How do peas self-fertilise? | The pea flower is closed and inside there's the ovule and pollen producing, so the pea self-fertilize. The pea we eat in equivalent to an embryo. |
| What was Mendel's hypothesis for hybrid and dihybrid cross? | Hybrid: Each parent contribute a factor of inheritance Dihybrid: same?? |
| How to read a pedigree? | (1) Determine whether the trait is dominant or recessive. If the trait is dominant, one of the parents must have the trait. (2)Determine if the chart shows an autosomal or sex-linked (usually X-linked) trait. |
Created by:
Malayka
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