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3) Gene interaction
Biology Revision 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the heterogametic sex for humans and birds? | Human Female= XX, Human Male= XY, Female Bird=ZW, Male Brid= ZZ |
| What is a pedigree? | Shows relationship between family members and indicates which individuals have certain genetic patogenic variants, traits and disease within a family |
| What is a sex-linked gene and an autosomal trait? | Sex-linked means the sex hormone affects the expression of the gene and autosomal meanes that the trait is located on autosome (non-sex chromosome) |
| What is a pattern of inheritance? | The phenotype of an individual is determined by their genotype. Their genotype is dtermined by the alleles received from parents. This allele control if a trait is dominant or recessive. |
| What are 6 situations of dominance? | 1)Simple dominance 2)Incomplete dominance 3)Codominance 4)Multiple alleles 5)Hierarchical dominance 6)Circular dominance |
| What is incomplete dominance? | The combination of 2 alleles creates a new phenotype. Exmaple: Red flower + White flower= Pink flower cutie |
| What is codominance? | Both alleles are expressed simultaneously. Exmaple: A horse with a mix of chesnut anf grey hair |
| What is multiple allele? | Inheritance pattern that involves more than just the typical 2 alleles. Example: 3 alleles for the ABO blood groups: IA, IB, i |
| Explain blood type genetic (protein, antibodies, dominance) | The red blood type will contain proteins of type A, B or both, or neither. The body produces antibodies that will attack any foreign type. Alleles of type IA and IB are dominant over type i. |
| Give the 6 genotype of blood type | ii=Type O, IAIA=Type A, IAi=Type A, IBIB=Type B, IBi=Type B, IAIB=Type AB |
| What is the rhesus factor? How is it inherited? | Rh is inherented independently form ABO blood type. +/+ and +/- will possess the Rh(D) antigen (so Rh positive) and -/- doesn't possess the Rh(D) antigen (so Rh negative). So only 3 genotypes :) |
| What is epistatis? | When 2 genes interact with each other to form a particular phenotype. Exmaple of the dog with the black/brown color and the hair pigment gene. This is what modifies the 9:3:3:1 ratio! |
| What is polygenetic? | Many genes interact with each other and also with the environment for one trait. So one trait can be affected by many alleles, it's called polygenetics or quantitave traits. |
| What is pleiotropy? | A single gene can have more than one effect. Example: Porphyria that have 5 effects: Psychotic episodes, light sensitivity, anemia, pain and seizures |
| Can the environment have an effect on the phenotype? | Yes, like cat whose fur changes color with temperature |
Created by:
Malayka
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