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Unit 6 & 7
Mountain Building and Earthquakes Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Deformation | the process by which rocks change shape when under stress. |
| Folding | occurs when rock layers bend under stress. |
| fault | the crack that forms between the two blocks of rock. |
| Shear stress | stress that pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions. |
| Tension | stress that stretches or pulls rock apart. |
| Compression | stress that squeezes or pushes rock together. |
| Earthquakes | ground movements that occur when blocks of rock in Earth move suddenly and release energy. |
| focus | a place within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs. |
| epicenter | an area on the earth’s surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
| tectonic plate boundary | where two or more tectonic plates meet. |
| Elastic deformation | a type of deformation in which the rock can return to its original form. |
| Elastic rebound | where rock returns to its original form after elastic deformation. |
| tsunami | a series of extremely long waves that can travel across the ocean at speeds of up to 800 km/h (kilometers per hour). |
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