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SOCY-121 Chapter 7
Stratification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stratification | the hierarchical organization of a society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, or status and economic resources |
| Social Equality | a condition in which no differences in wealth, power, prestige, or status based on nonnatural conventions exist |
| Dialectic | a 2-directional relationship, following a pattern in which an original statement or thesis is countered with an antithesis, leading to a conclusion that unites the strengths of the original posistion and the counterarguments |
| Equal of Opportunity | the idea that everyone has an equal chance to achieve wealth, social prestige, and power because the rules of the game are the same for everyone |
| Bourgeois Society | a society of commerce (modern capitalist society) in which the maximization of profit is the primary business incentive |
| Equality of Condition | the idea that everyone should have an equal starting point |
| Equality of Outcome | the ideea that each player must end up with the same amount regardless of the fairness of the game |
| Free Rider Problem | the notion that when more than one person is responsible for gtting something done, the incentive is for each individual to shirk responsiblity and hope others will pull the extra weight |
| Estate System | a politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility |
| Caste System | a religion-based system of stratification characterized by no social mobility |
| Class System | an economically based hierarchical system characerized by cohesive, oppositional groups and somewhat loose social mobility |
| Proletariet | the working class (sells its labor to the bourgeoisie to receive wages and survive) |
| Bourgeoisie | the capitalist class |
| Contradictory Class Locations | the idea that people can occupy locations in class structure that fall between the two pure classes |
| Status Hierarchy System | a system of stratification based on social prestige |
| Elite-Mass Dichotomy System | a system of stratification that has a governing elite, a few leaders, who broadly hold power in society |
| Meritocracy | a society where status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability, and achievement |
| Socioeconomic Status | an individual's position in a stratified social order |
| Income | money received by a person for work, from transfers (gifts, inheritances, or government assitance) or from returns on investments |
| Wealth | a family's or individual's nete worth (total assets minus total debts) |
| Upper Class | a term for the economic elite |
| Middle Class | a term commonly used to describe those with nonmanual jobs that pay significantly more than the poverty line- though this is controversial |
| Social Mobility | the movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society |
| Structural Mobility | mobility that is inevitable from changes in the economy |
| Exchange Mobility | mobility resulting from the swapping of jobs |
| Status-Attainment Model | Approach that ranks individuals by socioeconomic status, including income and educational attainment, and seeks to specify the attributes characteristic of people who end up in more desireable occupations |
Created by:
ambermaclean12
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