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Earthquakes

QuestionAnswer
Earthquake Shaking of the earth’s crust from a sudden release of energy.
Seismic waves Caused by movement/slippage along a fault - the energy produced from this movement.
P-wave (primary) Body Wave – can go through layers of earth including liquid. Fastest wave. Moves lateral – push-pull motion.
S-wave (secondary) Body Wave – can go through layers of earth BUT NOT liquid. 2nd fastest. Stronger and moves back and forth at right angles to the direction of the wave
Love wave Surface Wave – cannot go through layers of earth…only travels along the surface. Slowest wave – most destructive Moves side to side and up and down – rolling motion.
Seismograph An instrument used to measure the shaking caused by an earthquake.
Richter scale Scale for measuring earthquake magnitude. A magnitude 7.0 earthquake generates 10 times larger amplitude waves than those of a magnitude 6.0.
Epicenter The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus (the point where an earthquake originates).
Finding the epicenter An earthquake requires three monitoring stations to determine its location. They will all meet at one point.
Tsunami An ocean wave generated by a submarine earthquake, volcano or landslide. Can travel across whole oceans.
Fault Break / crack where movement occurs.
Fold Collision of crust bends rock layers “stress”
Compression Stress on a rock (Convergent - coming together)
Tension Stress on a rock (Divergent - pulling apart)
Shearing Stress on a rock (Transform - sliding past each other)
Normal fault Pulling a part tension causes crust to drop down (Divergent)
Reverse/Thrust fault Compression forces cause crust to move up (Convergent)
Strike Slip fault Crust moves alongside each other in opposite directions (Transform).
Created by: jadams2021
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