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Spheres/Layers

6.5B, 6.10A Earth's Spheres & Layers

TermDefinition
INNER CORE Sphere of solid nickel & iron at the center of Earth; surrounded by liquid outer core.
OUTER CORE Outer layer of Earth’s core; surrounds inner core; made of liquid nickel & iron.
MANTLE Solid layer of Earth between the crust & core; made of dense silicates.
CRUST Thin, solid outermost layer of Earth; made of less dense silicates; either continental (landmasses) or oceanic (ocean floors).
LITHOSPHERE Cool, rigid, outermost layer of Earth that consists of the crust & uppermost part of the mantle; broken into pieces or segments called plates; litho = rock.
ASTHENOSPHERE Solid layer with plasticity in upper mantle located just below the lithosphere; lithospheric plates “float” & move on this layer; astheno = weak.
PLASTICITY Characteristic of the material in the asthenosphere; existing in solid state yet having the ability to flow without being a liquid.
EARTH'S LAYERS Divisions of the composition of Earth determined by either chemical composition or by physical state of matter.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Types, quantities, & arrangements of elements that make up a substance.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Measurable characteristics that describe physical state of something, including mass, magnetism, temperature, density, shape, volume, & conductivity.
TEMPERATURE Measure of the amount of heat energy.
STATES OF MATTER Distinct forms of matter known in everyday experience: solid, liquid, and gas; also referred to as phases of matter.
PRESSURE Force exerted on matter through contact with other matter; affects melting & boiling points.
DENSITY Amount of matter in a given space or volume; relationship between mass & volume; less dense matter will form layers above more dense matter.
Element Pure substance composed of the same type of atom throughout.
Periodic Table of Elements Table in which all the known elements are arranged by properties & are represented by 1 or 2 letters, referred to as chemical symbols.
Hydrosphere All of the water on Earth; hydro = water; sphere = globe
Biosphere Sum of all living matter, made of a limited number of elements including oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, & phosphorus; bio = life; sphere = globe
Atmosphere Layer of gas surrounding planet Earth, held in place by gravity; composed of a limited number of elements, primarily nitrogen & oxygen; atmo = air; sphere = globe
Matter Anything that has mass & takes up space.
Properties Physical & chemical characteristics of matter used to describe or identify a substance.
Mixture Combination of 2 or more substances which do not chemically combine.
Uniform Composition Made of the same evenly distributed substance or combination of substances throughout; uni = one
Created by: trauberk
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