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Midterm reviewNikkiJ
midterm review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the purpose of the inner folds in the mitochondrial membrane? | they increase surface area for the exchange of substances across the membrane |
| Ribosomes are not found in___________ | the golgi apparatus |
| The stability of the 3D shape of many large molecules is dependent on what kinds of bonds? | hydrogen bonds |
| What are the 2 kinds of metabolism? | aerobic- based on oxygen use; anerobic- not using energy |
| what is a genome? | the sum total of all the DNA molecules in a cell. |
| When did life arise? | 4 billion years ago |
| golgi apparatus makes proteins transported in _______ | vesicles |
| when did prokaryotes come about? | 1.5 billion years ago |
| Which atom does not folow the octete rule? | hydrogen |
| acids _____ H+, bases____ H+ | release, accept |
| In which bond is electron sharing more equal? | covalent bonds |
| During cell division__________ replicate and move chromosomes towards opposite ends of the nucleus | centrioles |
| what is the function of the nucleolus? | production of ribosomes asembles RNA together with protein molecule n2 subunits of future ribosomes |
| A community involves interactions among different__________? | species |
| a ingle chemical bond represents the sharing of how many electrons? | 2 |
| why do buffers resist pH changes? | because they change from ionic to nonionic in response to changes in pH and release or absorb H+ |
| what does biurets solution test for? | proteins |
| wwhat does lugol's test for? | starch |
| what does Benedict's test for? | sugar |
| What process produces peptide bonds? | condensation |
| the overall shape of the cell is determined by? | cytoskeleton |
| the surface area to volume ratio can be decreased by? | making it spherical |
| made up of connexons | gap junction |
| uses keratin and plaque | desmosomes |
| found in muscle and nerve cells | gap junction |
| movement of water with its concentration gradient? | passive transport |
| osmosis moves water from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _________ concentration. | low to high |
| water crosses the plasma membrane faster than expected because of? | hydration of the ions as they pass through; and water channels called aquaporins. |
| chemical bonds, concentration gradient, and electric imbalance are all what type of energy? | potential |
| what is unusable enrgy referred to as? | entropy |
| If delta G is negative free energy is | released |
| If delta G is positive free energy is | consumed |
| how does the 2nd law of thermodynamics apply to organisms? | to maintain order life requires a constant input of energy. |
| a readily reversible reaction , in which reactants and products have almost the same free energies is indicated by a | delta G near 0 |
| the state at which the bonds of reactants are unstable | transition state |
| the presence of a catalyst affects the | free energy of the transition state |
| what determines the rate of the reaction? | the activation energy |
| heat, light, electricity and motion are all examples of____________ | kinetic energy |
| the amino acid leucine is | hydrophobic |
| condensatio reactions do not consume ___________ as a reactant. | water |
| molecules that have the same number of atoms , but are arranged differently | isomer |
Created by:
chocoholic810
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