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5. The path of food
The Digestive system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Steps in getting and using food | Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and Egestion |
| Ingestion | Taking in food |
| Digestion | Breaking down food |
| Absorption | Taking digested food from our intestines into our blood |
| Assimilation | Using the food in the cells of the body |
| Egestion | Discharge of undigested waste |
| Reasons for food | Give us energy, provide raw materials for growth, allow us to repair the body |
| Mouth - two forms of digestion | Physical and chemical digestion |
| Physical digestion | Breakdown of food using mechanical or physical methods |
| Chemical digestion | Breakdown of food using enzymes |
| Types of teeth | Incisors, Canines, Premolars and Molars |
| Incisors | Sharp edges, like a chisel. Used to cut, slice and nibble food |
| Canines | Long and pointed. Used to grip and tear food |
| Premolars | Large with flat surfaces. Used for chewing, crushing and grinding food |
| Molars | Larger than premolars. Used for chewing, crushing and grinding food |
| Enzyme | Chemical (made of protein) produced by the body that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without being used up |
| Catalyst | Name for substances that speed up reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts. |
| Saliva | Contains and enzyme called amylase which breaks down starch into maltose. Maltose is broken down to glucose by maltase. |
| Oesophagus | Muscular tube connecting mouth and stomach. Forces food down by peristalsis. Fibre helps to stimulate the movement of food. |
| Stomach | Muscular bag that holds food for a few hours. Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and softens food. |
| Organ | The stomach is an organ. An organ is a structure in a living things that carries out a particular function(s) |
| Small intestine | Long tube (6 metres) but it has a narrow diameter (about 2.5cm). |
| Functions small intestine | Digestion and Absorption. |
| Liver | Produce bile. Helps to digest fat in the small intestine. Largest organ in the body. |
| Pancreas | Produces many digestive enzymes. Help digest food in SI. |
| Large intestine | 1.5m long. 2x diameter of SI. Takes water back into bloodstream. Semi-solid waste material left in the LI is called faeces |
| Rectum | Faeces stored here |
| Anus | Faeces passes out of the intestine through the anus |
Created by:
ac1410
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