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Comparative Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social capital | the rewards that arise from social networks |
| consenual | existing or mutual consent without an act of writing |
| conflictual | a state of disharmony between incompatible organizations or ideas |
| liberalism | democracy; a system of government that guarntees liberty |
| communism | holding all property in common, actual ownership belongs to the state |
| socialism | a political and economic system in which private enterprise is forbidden and there is common ownerships of factories, farms, and other enterprises. government administers the distribution of goods. |
| fascism | centralized autocratic government headed by a dictator. involves hypernationalism, totalitarianism, racism and mass mobilization |
| reform | to amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses |
| coup d'etat | sudden unconstitutional deposition of government normally by military |
| revolution | overthrow of one system of government and its replacement by a different sytem |
| radicalism | those favoring political reforms which include dramatic changes to social or political order |
| conservatism | resistance to any kind of change unless absolutely necessary |
| legitimacy | a status conferred by the people on the govt's officials, acts, and institution through their belief that the govt's actions are an appropriate use of power by a legally constituted governmental authority following correct decisions on making policies. |
| linkage institutions | non governmental institutions which connect the people to the government. |
| direct democracy vs. indirect democracy | direct elections vs. voting for someone who appoints someone else |
| reacitionary beliefs | extremely right winged, want to return to some previously existing govt system |
| liberal democracy | emphasis on freedom of the individual, limits power of the government(people have power) |
| illiberal democracy | often "managed" governement..elections take place but are rigged, lack of liberties, corruption |
| political socialization | |
| socialism | a political and economic system in which private enterprise is forbidden and there is common ownerships of factories, farms, and other enterprises. government administers the distribution os goods. |
| fascism | centralized autocratic governement headed by a dictator. involves hypernationalism, totalitarianism, racism and mass mobilization |
| reform | to amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses |
| coup d'etat | sudden unconstitutional deposition of government normally by military |
| revolution | overthrow of one system of government and its replacement by a different sytem |
| radicalism | those favoring political reforms which include dramatic changes to social or political order |
| conservatism | resistance to any kind of change unless absolutely necessary |
| legitimacy | a status conferred by the people on the govt's officials, acts, and institution through their belief that the govt's actions are an appropriate use of power by a legally constituted governmental authority following correct decisions on making policies. |
| linkage institutions | non governmental institutions which connect the people to the government. |
| direct democracy vs. indirect democracy | direct elections vs. voting for someone who appoints someone else |
| reacitionary beliefs | extremely right winged, want to return to some previously existing govt system |
| liberal democracy | emphasis on freedom of the individual, limits power of the government(people have power) |
| illiberal democracy | often "managed" governement..elections take place but people are rigged, lack of liberties, corruption |
| political socialization | process in which individuals learn about politics and the political culture of their society |
| social cleavages | acknowledged divisions in society |
| cross cutting | the various factors that make up an individuals social identity tend to pull that person in different political directions |
| civil society | population organized into associations independently of the state |
| centripetal forces | favor moderate, centrist parties rather than extremist ones |
| devolution | transfer of more decision making power from central govt to lower/regional governments |
| 1st past the post/plurality/winner take all | the single winner is the person with the most votes; there is no requirement that the winner gain an absolute majority of votes |
| referendum | direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal |
| initiative | means by which a petition signed by voters can force a public vote |
| interst group | organizations that speak up for the interests and demands of particular groups of people, often with the aim of influencing the state to do something in return |
| pluralism | political power is not concentrated in one social group; it is dispersed among many groups and interests |
| corporatism | a system of formal interest group participation in the states decision making processes |
| purchasing power parity | long term equilibrium exchange of 2 currencies to equalize their purchasing power |
| three world approach | 1.advanced developed democracies2.communist and post communist countries(developing)3.underdeveloped and newly industrializing countries |
| patron-clientelism | smaller scale than interest groups. exchange of votes for favors |
| sovereignty | having supreme independent authority over a territory |
| parliamentary sovereignty | legislature is supreme authority over any other institution |
| presidential system | executive branch exists seperately form the legislative branch |
| head of state | office or individual that serves as the chief public representative of government |
| head of government | chief officer of the executive branch of government;presides over a cabinet |
| semi-presidential system | a system with a president and a prime minister, wach of which have significant decision making power(also called a dual executive) |
| common law | body of law based on tradition, past practices and legal precedents set by courts through interpretation of statutes, legal legislation and past rulings *uses past rulings to interpret laws and apply them to current cases |
| code law | a legal system based on all inclusive system of written rules or codes of law 3 separate: commercial, civil, and criminal |
| head of state | office or individual that serves as the chief public representative of government |
| head of government | chief officer of the executive branch of government;presides over a cabinet |
| semi-presidential system | a system with a president and a prime minister, wach of which have significant decision making power(also called a dual executive) |
| common law | body of law based on tradition, past practices and legal precedents set by courts through interpretation of statutes, legal legislation and past rulings *uses past rulings to interpret laws and apply them to current cases |
| code law | a legal system based on all inclusive system of written rules or codes of law 3 separate: commercial, civil, and criminal |
| head of state | office or individual that serves as the chief public representative of government |
| head of government | chief officer of the executive branch of government;presides over a cabinet |
| semi-presidential system | a system with a president and a prime minister, wach of which have significant decision making power(also called a dual executive) |
| common law | body of law based on tradition, past practices and legal precedents set by courts through interpretation of statutes, legal legislation and past rulings *uses past rulings to interpret laws and apply them to current cases |
| code law | a legal system based on all inclusive system of written rules or codes of law 3 separate: commercial, civil, and criminal |
| proportional representation | seats are distributed according to the proportion of votes a party gets |
| multiparty system | 3 or more parties have the capacity to gain control |
| 2 party system | 2 main parties dominate at every level |
| single member district plurality | provides for single seat within a district;person with greatest number of votes in district wins |
| rational legal authority | authority of govt is tied to rationality, legitimacy and bureaucracy |
| authorization legislation | legislative permission to begin or conitnue a govt program or agency |
| appropriation | legislative grant of money to finance a goverment program |
| committee clearance | ability of congressional committee to review and approve agency decisions in advance without passing a law |
| iron triangle | close relationship between an agency a congressional committee and an interest group |
| bureaucratic pathologies | red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, waste |
Created by:
AlexaMarie
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