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Cell division

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic Cell terms and cell divisions; Flashcard.

TermDefinition
Prokaryotic Cell unicellular; no membrane bound organelles; reproduce asexually through binary fission. e.g., bacteria & archaea
Eukaryotic cell multicellular organisms; has membrane bound organelles.
Binary Fission asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new cells. Generation time: as short as 20 minutes; simpler and faster.
Asexual reproduction A mode of reproduction without the involvement of gametes.
Sexual reproduction A mode of reproduction where haploid sperm and egg cell fuses to create a diploid offspring.
Eukaryotic Cell Division Comprised of a complex division phases: Interphase (composed of G1, S phase, and G2 phase); Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, & Cytokinesis); and Meiosis (composed of meiosis I and meiosis II)
Interphase Where cells spends 90% of their entire lives; This is where the G1- first gap or growth stage of the cell happens; S-phase-Synthesis of duplicated chromosomes; and the G2 stage where cells undergo preparation for meiosis
Mitosis The development of a fertilized egg into an individual; The cell separates its DNA into two sets and divides its cytoplasm, forming two new cells. It has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis.
Mitosis: Prophase Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes; nuclear envelop breaks down; Spindle fibers grow from centrioles; centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
Mitosis: Prometaphase Kinetochore formed by proteins attached to the centromere; Microtubules reach kinetochores; and chromosomes begin moving.
Mitosis: Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the metaphase plate (middle); Some spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and others to the plasma membrane.
Mitosis: Anaphase Separation of sister chromatids; Centromeres divide in two; spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite sides; spindle apparatus breaks down.
Mitosis: Telophase & Cytokinesis In telophase, nuclear membrane reform, new nucleoli appears, and chromatin decondenses, then interphase cellular functions resumes. Cytokinesis overlaps with telophase. It is the division of cytoplasm forming two daughter cells.
Animal cell in cytokinesis (mitosis) The cell membrane pinched together forming a cleavage furrow and fuses to form two cells.
Plant cell in cytokinesis (mitosis) Vesicles containing cellulose if formed creating a complete Cell wall between two cells.
Meiosis The production of eggs and sperm; gametes. It reduces chromosome number, producing up to 4 haploid cells from one diploid cell; happen through meiosis I and meiosis II.
Meiosis I (first division) Prophase I - synapse occurs, crossing over happens; nuclear envelope &nucleoli disintegrates; spindle fiber forms. Metaphase I-tetrads align in the middle of cell. Anaphase I- Separation of homologous chromosomes. Telophase and Cytokinesis I- reverse o
Meiosis II (second division: from two cells to four haploid sex cells) Prophase II-Spindle fiber form & nuclear envelop breaks down; no crossing over. Metaphase II- chromosomes align in the middle. Anaphase II- centromeres divide sister chromatids to migrate at opposite poles. Telophase II & Cytokinesis -Reverse of propha
Created by: honeybunch
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