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Honors Bio Ecology

Help prep for the ecology test that we have in Honors Bio.

QuestionAnswer
Ecology branch of biology that deals with the relationships of organisms to one another and their surroundings.
Consumer animals that get their energy by eating plants or other animals
Autotroph organism that forms its own food
Heterotroph organism that gets its nutrients from other things
Herbivore organism that eats plants
Carnivore organism that eats meat
Omnivore organism that eats both plants and meat
Detritivore organism that feeds on dead organic material
Decomposers organism that decomposes organic material
What direction do the arrows go on a food web or chain? the arrows point towards the organism that is doing the eating.
Physical adaptation an adaptation that changes how an animal looks
Behavioral adaptation an adaptation that changes how an animal behaves
Mimicry close resemblance of another animal or plant
Predator - Prey an interaction when one organism feeds on another
Competition when different species try to use a resource that is in limited supply
Niche an organisms role in its environment
Mutualism Symbiosis benefits both organisms involved
Parasitism Symbiosis benefits one organism but harms the other
Commensalism Symbiosis one benefits but the other one isn't harmed or benefited
Primary succession the establishment of the community where nothing existed before
Pioneer species and their role first to enter an are. they break down rocks and help make soil with acid
Secondary succession starts at the plant stage
Stages of secondary succession step 1: plant stage - 5-10 years step 2: shrub stage - 6-25 years step 3: young forest - 20-50 years step 4: mature forest - 51-150 years step 5: climax forest - 150-300 years
Cause of a forest leaving a climax community and starting again after a fire or logging
Greenhouse effect trapping of the suns warmth in the lower atmosphere
Climate change long term shift in temperatures and weather patterns caused by a build-up of CO2
Acid rain rain that has a lower pH than 7, which makes it acidic
Eutrophication over abundance of energy in one area
Biome a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat
Primary factor that determines a biome temperature
Biomes of MN tallgrass aspen parkland, coniferous forest, prairie grassland, deciduous forest
Most impacted biome in the US temperate grasslands
Levels of biological organization (12) atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Atom smallest unit
Molecule union of two or more atoms
Cell structure and functional unit of all living things
Tissue a group of cells with a common structure and function
Organ composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task
Organ System several organs working together
Organism an individual; complex individuals contain organ systems
Population organisms of the same species in a particular area
Community interacting populations in a particular area
Ecosystem a community plus the physical environment
Biosphere regions on the Earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things
Producer photosynthetic organisms at the start of a grazing food chain that makes its own food
Coevolution mutual evolution in which two species exert selective pressures on the other species
Evaporation changes liquid to a gas state
Precipitation the gas changes to a liquid state
Transpiration water vapor from plants
Aquifer water in rock layers and the ground
Percolation liquid saturation into the ground
Photosynthesis carbon to plants
Respiration carbon from biotics to atmosphere
Cumbustion carbon burned into the atmosphere
Deposition carbon into soil/earth
Nitrogen fixation plants remove N2 from atmosphere to ground
Nitrification nitrates created by bacteria. Nitrogen going into the ground
Denitrification nitrogen going back into the ground
Assimilation nitrogen absorbed by plants/organisms
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