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Nightingale Phys
Week 1-6 content
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) | feedback control loop |
| The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore, homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as | organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms. |
| Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to regulate cell function? | intracellular regulation |
| The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called | feed-forward |
| Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a blood clot are examples of | positive feedback |
| Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These include | intracellular, intrinsic, extrinsic |
| What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? | afferent |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | oppose a change |
| When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released. | False |
| What term is often used to describe certain arrangements of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules? | functional group |
| Which of these is not a lipid? | polysaccharide |
| Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n) | polymer |
| A saturated fatty acid is one in which | all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled |
| Which term means “water loving” and applies to the phospholipid head? | hydrophilic |
| Proteins are polymers of | amino acids |
| The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called | organic molecules |
| In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers? | anaphase |
| Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis into that solution is called _____ pressure. | osmotic |
| The component that distinguishes one nucleotide from another is the | nitrogen base |
| Diffusion moves | down a concentration gradient |
| Transcription can best be described as the | synthesis of mRNA |
| A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a(n) | catalyst |
| Meiosis is called “reduction division” because | the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
| Replication of DNA occurs in which phase of interphase? | S phase |
| Meiotic division occurs in | primitive sex cells |
| RNA makes proteins by | translation |
| The two processes of protein synthesis are | transcription and translation |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis? | two haploid gametes |
| The result of meiosis is | four daughter cells that are haploid |
| Which skin layer has cells that look prickly because of the desmosomes that join the cells together? | Stratum spinosum |
| The hair papilla consists of _____ tissue. | dermal |
| Smooth muscles that produce goose pimples when they contract are the _____ muscles. | arrector pili |
| Hair: | alternates between periods of growth and rest, consists of keratinized cells, is formed from cells of the germinal matrix |
| Which cells of the skin are filled with a tough, fibrous protein and account for most of the epidermal cells of the skin? | Keratinocytes |
| Which skin layer contains closely packed, clear cells that contain a gel-like substance called eleidin? | Stratum lucidum |
| What is are the two types/functions of bone marrow? | Red & yellow – produces red blood cells and stores energy as fat. |
| Bones grow due to activity in the | Epiphyseal plates |
| When an astronaut is in space for 2 months what may happen to their bone density as compared to a person living on earth? | The astronaut will experience bone loss at an increased rate as a person on earth |
| Select the answer that best describes the axial skeletal structure. | Provides framework for muscles that anchor and stabilize the appendicular bones |
| Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? | protection of internal organs |
| Which of the following provide flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement? | Cartilages |
| The shoulder joint is an example of a _____ joint. | The shoulder joint is an example of all of these |
| The joint present during the growth years between the epiphyses of a long bone and its diaphysis is the | synchrondrosis |
| Which type of movement occurs between the carpal and tarsal bones and between the articular facets of adjoining spinal vertebrae? | gliding |
| Synarthrotic joints are | immovable |
| The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the | sarcomere |
| A contraction in which muscle length remains the same but muscle tension increases is called an | isometric contraction |
| Which of the following is not among the structures that characterize synovial joints? | tendons |
| Three phases of the twitch contraction are the | latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase |
| Which of the following is not a function of muscles? | storage |
| The more muscle fibers contracting at the same time, the stronger the contraction of the entire muscle. The number of muscle fibers contracting depends on how many motor units are | recruited |
| The largest and most commonly injured joint in the body is the _____ joint. | knee |
| The four kinds of protein that make up myofilaments are myosin, actin, | tropomyosin, and troponin |
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Spencer_Ramos
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