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Health and disease

TermDefinition
Health A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not only the absence of disease and infirmity.
Disease A malfunction of the mind or body.
Physical disease Permanent or temporary damage to any part of the body. Eg. multiple sclerosis, dengue fever, measles
Mental disease Changes to the mind which may or may not have a physical cause. Eg. schizophrenia, depression, anxiety
Acute disease Disease with a rapid onset that lasts for a short time. Eg. influenza, dengue fever
Chronic disease Disease with slow onset that lasts for a long time. Eg. chronic bronchitis
Infectious (communicable) disease Causative agent is a pathogen Eg. dengue fever, HIV/AIDS, measles
Non-infectious (non-communicable) disease Any disease not caused by a pathogen Eg. stroke, multiple sclerosis
Deficiency disease Caused by a poor diet Eg. iron deficiency anaemia
Degenerative disease A gradual decline in body functions Eg. coronary heart disease, HIV/AIDS
Inherited (genetic) disease A genetic disease caused by a faulty allele Eg. sickle cell anaemia, haemophilia, Huntington's disorder, severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID)
Self-inflicted disease Damages to the body brought about by a person's own actions Eg. lung cancer, drug dependency, Type 2 diabetes.
Social disease Disease often influenced by social behaviours of others Eg. lung cancer, drug dependency.
Epidemiology The study pf the spread of disease and the factors that affect it.
Incidence The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a given time.
Incidence formula = number of new cases of a given disease in a certain period/ number of individuals in a population
Prevalence The overall number of people in a population with a particular disease at a given time, regardless of when the disease was first recognized.
Mortality rate The number of people who have died of a particular disease in a given time.
Mortality rate formula = number of deaths due to particular disease/ number of individuals in the population OR number of affected individuals in the population
Morbidity The number of people who have a particular disease in a given time.
Endemic Infectious diseases are referred to as endemic if the disease is always present in the population. Eg. chickenpox
Epidemic Refers to any disease that spreads suddenly to a large number of people over a widespread area. Eg. Yellow fever
Pandemic Refers to a disease outbreak that spreads across countries and continents. Eg. HIV/AIDS.
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