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Biol 104 Ch. 7

Cellular Respiration

QuestionAnswer
Fermentation anaerobic respiration that occurs without the use of oxygen
Aerobic respiration the most efficient catabolic pathway that uses oxygen to produce energy
Cellular respiration Mitochondrial processes that release energy, through both aerobic and anaerobic pathways
Oxidation a loss of electrons
Reduction a gain of electrons
Reducing agent a chemical that causes other elements to gain electrons
Oxidizing agent a chemical that causes other chemicals to lose electrons
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme and cellular respiration that functions as an oxidizing agent
Electron transport chain molecules embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that function in the shuttle electrons to produce ATP
Glycolysis first step of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules
The citric acid (Krebs cycle) this step of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondrial fluid and breaks small sugar molecules down to get energy out of them. Some ATP is produced directly, and the rest is generated later on, in the electron transport chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) production of ATP by the electron transport chain reactions in cellular respiration
Substrate level phosphorylation direct formation of ATP from the chemical reactions of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl Co-A) pyruvate is modified into this form so that it can enter the Krebs cycle.
ATP synthase the enzyme that involved in ATP production during chemiosmosis of the electron transport chain
Proton motive Force the hydrogen gradient that is created by the electron transport chain, to power ATP synthase
Alcohol fermentation anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, by modifying what happens after glycolysis. This is a technique used by wineries, distilleries, and breweries.
Lactic acid fermentation anaerobic pathway that follows glycolysis, that does not produce carbon dioxide. This happens in bacteria and human muscle cells when oxygen is running low.
Obligate anaerobe an organism that will die in the presence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe an organism that can survive with or without oxygen
Obligate aerobe an organism that needs oxygen to survive
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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