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Biology Chapter 7

Cellular Respiration.

QuestionAnswer
What part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? The electron transport chain (ETC).
What happens when a compound is oxidized? It loses an electron. (Decrease in potential energy.)
What happens when a compound is reduced? It gains an electron. (Increase in potential energy.)
Define redox. The combination of an oxidation and reduction reaction. Neither of these can occur without the other.
Where is most of the energy stored in atoms? In the form of high-energy electrons.
Describe the function of electron carriers. They bind and carry high-energy electrons between compounds. Derivatives of nucleotides and from vitamin B group. ( eg. NAD, FAD, and NADP)
What is NAD and what is its function? It stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. Reduced form=NADH (Accepted two electrons and a proton or H). Oxidized form=NAD+. This mainly carries electrons.
How is ATP broken down? By breaking the third (gamma) phosphate group through hydrolysis.
Define aerobic cellular respiration. Process by which organisms convert energy in the PRESENCE of oxygen.
Define anaerobic cellular respiration. Process by which organisms convert energy in the ABSENCE of oxygen.
Define glycolysis. Process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH. Produces net 2 ATP. Occurs in cytoplasm.
What is chemiosmosis? Process in which there is a production ATP in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane. (ETC) Produces 36 ATP. Occurs in intermembrane of mitochondria.
Define ATP synthase. membrane embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate tp ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it.
What is lactic acid fermentation? This is an anaerobic cellular respiration process in certain bacteria and animals. Not directly correlated to muscle soreness.
Define facultatively anaerobic. When an organism (usually bacteria) can switch between aerobic and anaerobic.
What is an obligate anaerobe? Organisms that are poisoned by oxygen and require anaerobic conditions to live. Often found in deep soils.
What regulates the access of glucose to the cell? the GLUT (glucose transporter) proteins.
What controls glycolysis? The first enzyme (hexokinase) in the pathway.
Created by: tali_Alley
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