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ENERGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name of the forms of energy that can be stored? | Potential energies |
| Name 4 forms of energy that can be stored (potential energies) | chemical, gravitational, elastic and nuclear energy |
| Name 5 forms of energy that cannot be stored | Kinetic, light, sound, thermal, electrical energy |
| Give three sources of chemical energy | A battery, oil and food are three sources of chemical energy |
| What is the energy transfer when an object falls from a height? | Gravitational energy -> kinetic energy |
| What is the energy transfer carried out by a dynamo on a bicycle (or by the alternator in a power plant)? | Kinetic energy -> electrical energy |
| What is the energy transfer performed by a motor in an ELECTRIC car? | Electrical energy -> kinetic energy |
| What is the energy transfer of a petrol engine in a car (hint: petrol is burning in the engine) | Chemical energy -> kinetic energy |
| What is the energy transfer carried out by an electric lamp connected to the mains? | Electrical energy -> light energy |
| What is the energy transfer made by solar photovoltaic cell ? | Light energy -> electrical energy |
| CHALLENGE: What is the energy transfer performed in a flashlight that works with batteries? (2 steps) | Chemical energy (in batteries) -> electrical energy (in wires) -> light energy |
| What is the definition of "efficiency of an object"? | The percentage of useful energy compared to the initial quantity of energy supplied; yield = useful / initial x100 |
| Explain why LEDs have replaced incandescent lamps? | LEDs consume less electrical energy than incandescent lamps for the same brightness; LEDs need less electricity, they are more efficient so less fossil fuels or uranium are needed |
| Calculate the energy dissipated (wasted) for an incandescent lamp which receives 120J of electric energy and which emits 65J of light | Energy dissipated = energy received - useful energy = 120-65 = 55J (as a reminder :: formula-figures-calculation-units ) |
| What is the form of dissipated (wasted) energy for an incandescent lamp which receives 120J of electric energy and which emits 65J of light | The lamp loses energy in the form of heat (thermal energy) |
| Calculate the efficiency of an incandescent lamp which receives 120J of electric energy and which emits 65J of light | efficiency = 100 x energie useful / energy received = 100x65 / 120 = 54.2% (as a reminder: formula-figures-calculation-units) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place in a lamp? | Electric -> Light (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place in a n ELECTRIC motor? | Electric -> Kinetic (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place in a wind turbine? | Kinetic -> Electric (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place in a dynamo on a bicycle? | Kinetic -> Electric (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place in a turbine on a dam? | Kinetic -> Electric (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place in in a battery? | Chemical -> Electric (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place during the combustion of coal in a coal-fired power station? | Chemical -> thermal (energy useful for heating water) + thermal (energy wasted when the surrounding air is heated) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place during the boiling of water into steam in a coal-fired power station? | Thermal -> Kinetic (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| What is the energy transfer taking place in the turbine in a coal-fired power station? | Kinetic -> Electric (useful energy) + Thermal (waste energy) |
| Name 4 non-renewable energy sources | Uranium, gas, crude oil, coal |
| Describe how fossil fuels were formed | Energy sources that come from the anerobic (Oxygen-free) decomposition of Plants (coal) or plankton (oil) under Pressure when covered by Sediments over Millions of years POMPS |
| Name 5 renewable energy sources | Wind (wind), solar, hydraulic or hydro-electricity (dams), biomass, geothermal energy (Please note that Charcoal is a renewable source of energy!) |
| What is the main source of energy in France for producing electricity? | Uranium (non-renewable) |
| What is the main source of energy in Germany for producing electricity? | Coal (non-renewable) |
| What is the main source of energy in Uganda for producing electricity? | Hydroelectric (renewable) |
| Describe how a hydroelectric power station works | Water FALLS from the top of a lake, spins a TURBINE, which spins a GENERATOR. The generator converts kinetic energy into electrical energy |
| Which activity consumes the most energy in houses in France | heating is the activity that consumes the most energy in houses in France |
| How can we reduce energy expenditure in homes (in France)? | By reducing the share of heating in energy-consuming activities |
| How can we reduce the loss of heating energy in a house in France? | Insulate the roof, floor and walls, double-glazing on the windows, block drafts under the doors |
| Cite an advantage of producing electricity using a hydraulic dam (hydro-electricity) other than renewable energy) | Electricity is produced 24 hours a day, immediately |
| Cite an advantage of producing electricity using a geothermal source other than renewable energy) | Electricity is produced 24 hours a day, immediately |
| Cite a disadvantage of producing electricity using a geothermal source | Volcanic activity is required |
| Cite a disadvantage of producing electricity using the sun | 1) Electricity is only produced during the day or / and batteries are needed to store the electricity; 2) low electricity production |
| Cite a disadvantage of producing electricity using wind | 1) You need wind! 2) low production of electricity 3) some say that wind turbines spoil the landscape and make noise |
| Name two advantages of producing electricity using a renewable energy source | No production of CO2 therefore no greenhouse effect (note that biomass produces CO2 but if new plants have been planted, the CO2 produced is absorbed by plants); maintenance costs are low |
| What is an energy source? | It is the set of raw materials, or natural phenomena, which make it possible to produce energy |
| What is the disadvantage of using a hydraulic dam to generate electricity | Ecosystems are destroyed |
| What are the signs of global warming is taking place? | Sudden storms, floods, stronger hurricanes, droughts, Ecosystems are destroyed |
| Name 3 greenhouse gases | CO2 (carbon dioxide), CH4 (Methane) and H2O (water vapor) |
| Describe how greenhouse gases cause global warming | 1) Earth absorbs UV /visible from the sun; 2) Earth emits IR 3) Greenhouse gases absorb IR; 4 and re-emit IRs towards the earth; more CO2 = less IR leaves Earth |
| What are the human activities that increase the CO2 concentration? | Combustion of fossil fuels (gas, coal and oil), deforestation |
| What are the natural activities that increase the CO2 concentration? | Volcanoes, forest fires |
| What are the natural activities that reduce the CO2 concentration? | Plants (photosynthesis); Oceans (absorption); limestone rock formation (calcium carbonate) |
| Describe how you can reduce your contribution to the increase in CO2 concentration | Reduce energy consumption; (shower rather than baths; halogen bulb); use public transport |
| Describe how governments can reduce the contribution to the increase in CO2 concentration | Encourage renewable energies; Encourage production of electric vehicles; encourage public transport |
| Is there a correlation between the level of CO2 concentration and the increase in the global temperature? | Yes we can say the more the CO2 rate increases, the more the global temperature increases BUT this relation is not valid all the time: some years the global temperature decreases although the CO2 rate increases |
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Sciencesfaciles19K
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