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Cell Systems

QuestionAnswer
how are proteins secreted from the cell? proteins meant to be secreted move through the secretory pathway: 1. protein enters ER 2. protein exits ER 3. Protein enters golgi apparatus 4. protein exits golgi apparatus 5. protein is secreted from cell.
how are proteins targeted to the ER? Proteins are targeted through the ER signal sequence(Zip code) short sequence produced at N-terminus
how are proteins sorted in the Golgi apparatus? 1. proteins bound for different destinations carry distinct tags 2. proteins are sorted 3. transport vesicles bud 4. cytosolic and membrane proteins cause transport vesicles to attach and fuse at destinations. 5. vesicles deliver contents
how are proteins imported into the nucleus?
Actin filaments(microfilaments) move cells via muscle contraction or cell crawling
Intermediate filaments resist tension
Microtubules move cells via flagella or cilia move chromosomes during cell division provide tracks for intracellular transport
what motor protein is associated with actin filaments(microfilaments)? Myosin(cellular movement): which converts chemical energy to kinetic energy uses ATP to make movements happen
what motor protein is associated with microtubules? Kinesin(intracellular transport): walks along a microtubule track requires ATP
Nuclear pore complex(NPC) regulates import/export
what do the proteins to be imported into the nucleus contain? a nuclear localization sequence(NLS)
The Endomembrane system protein sorting, packaging, shipping, and recycling
steps of the endomembrane system Rough ER---> Golgi apparatus---> Vesicles--->Destination(organelles or plasma membrane)
where are proteins made? Proteins are made in the rough ER
where are proteins sorted? Proteins are sorted in the Golgi apparatus
where are proteins transported to? Proteins are transported to the vesicles.
Glycosylation proteins become glycoprotein.
where are microtubules made? In the microtubule-organizing center(MTOC) plants have many while animals only have centrosome(two centrioles)
Created by: clara22
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