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Thermodynamic&energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ∆H | change in enthalpy in a chemical reaction |
| Exothermic reaction | reaction that releases heat ∆H<0: this is negative because heat is released to the surroundings. the products in exothermic reaction have less potential energy than the reactants |
| Endothermic reaction | reaction that intakes heat(heat is taken up) ∆H>0: this is positive because heat is put into the reaction |
| Entropy, S | the amount of disorder or energy distribution |
| ∆S>0 | products are less ordered(disordered/positive) than the reactants |
| ∆S<0 | products are more ordered(negative) than the reactants |
| C6H126O2----> 6CO2 + 6H2O is ∆S positive or negative? is ∆H positive or negative? | 1.since we have smaller products we went from ordered molecules to low order, this means that ∆S is positive(disordered/positive) 2.since we went from high PE to low PE heat got out of the reaction which means its exothermic, so ∆H is negative. |
| Gibbs free energy, G | the total energy in a reaction available to do work. |
| what does the ∆G tell us in a reaction? | this tells us if the reaction is spontaneous |
| Spontaneous reaction | occurs without the addition of external energy |
| ∆G<0 | spontaneous and exergonic(energy taken away) |
| ∆G>0 | nonspontaneous and endergonic(energy put in) |
| ∆G=0 | reaction is at equilibrium |
| How is ∆G determine? | using the formula ∆G=∆H- T∆S |
| ∆H(-) and ∆S(+) | the reaction is always spontaneous. |
| energetic coupling | free energy released from an exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction |
| what are the two ways nonspontaenous reactions are driven using chemical energy> | 1. by transfer of electrons 2. by transfer of a phosphate group |
| reduction-oxidation(redox) reactions(OIL RIG) | reduction- gain of electrons oxidation-loss of electrons |
| why is O2 almost always the oxidizing agent? | it has the highest electronegativity the only exception is fluorine |
| Electron donor | its the reducing agent |
| Electron acceptor | its the oxidizing agent |
| what are the important electron carriers? | FAD and NAD+ because they are electron carriers, they accept electrons |
| what are factors that influence reaction rate? | Temperature(we have more molecules) and concentration of reactants(M) affect reaction rates. |
| what is potential energy in molecules based on? | based on bonds. |
Created by:
clara22
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