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Enzymes

QuestionAnswer
Transition State the intermediate point between breaking old bonds and forming new bonds. temporary, unstable intermediate
what happens when the bond is very unstable? higher potential energy
Activation Energy(Ea) minimum energy required to form the transition state
Catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up or changed in the process
Substrates reactants
Active site this is where substrates bind and react in
Step 1: Initiation enzymes bring substrates together in a precise orientation
Step 2: transition state facilitation enzymes lower activation energy(Ea) by stabilizing the transition state
Step 3: Termination products have a low affinity for the active site and are released
Induced fit enzymes change their shape upon binding substrates
Cofactors metal ions such as zinc, magnesium, and iron
Coenzymes organic molecules(carbon based molecules) such as NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme-A these help in the process of taking away electrons
Prosthetic groups atoms or molecules that are permanently attached to proteins hemoglobin- carry oxygen in our body retinal(vitamin A)- basis of vision
competitive inhibition compete with the actual substrate and binds to the active site.
Allosteric inhibition(noncompetitive) Binds to a different structure
Allosteric activation helps the active site stay open so that more substrates can go in
Catabolic pathways Break down molecules , they usually release energy
Anabolic pathways build up molecules, they usually require energy
Feedback inhibition activity of enzyme is inhibited by the end product
what are some limitations of an enzymes structure and function?
what are the components of a free energy diagram that enzyme doesn't change? Gibbs free energy and energies of the reactants and products.
why do enzymes work best at optimal conditions? At extreme levels they are denatured At low levels the reaction rate of the enzymes is slowed down.
what determines an enzyme's optimal temp and pH? The environment.
Created by: clara22
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