Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Chapter 6
Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define metabolism. | All the chemical reactions inside the cell. |
| What is an anabolic pathway? | This requires an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones. (It builds stuff.) |
| What is a catabolic pathway? | This breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones. A biproduct of this is energy. |
| What is energy? | The capacity to do work |
| Define kinetic energy. | Energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion. |
| Define potential energy. | Energy type that has the potential to do work; stored energy. |
| Define chemical energy. | Potential energy in chemical bonds that release when those bonds are broken. |
| What is free energy? | The energy available to do work, or usable energy. This is also Gibbs free energy. |
| What is entropy (S)? | The measure of randomness or disorder within a system. This is dependent on temperature. |
| What is enthalpy (H)? | A system's total energy. |
| Exergonic reactions | Reactions that release energy as a biproduct. If the Gibbs free energy is a negative (-) number, this is a sign of an exergonic reaction. These reactions are referred to as spontaneous reactions. |
| Endergonic reactions | Reactions that require or absorb energy. If the Gibbs free energy is a positive (+) number, then this is a sign of endergonic reactions. These reactions are referred to as being non-spontaneous. |
| Define activation energy. | The energy required for a reaction to occur. This is necessary for all chemical reactions to proceed. |
| What is the transition state? | The high-energy unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction. |
| Describe the first law of thermodynamics. | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred |
| Describe the second law of thermodynamics. | As energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is wasted. There is a natural tendency of any isolated system to degenerate into a more disordered state. |
| What is ATP? | It stands for Adenosine TriPohosphate. This nucleotide molecule supplies energy with the breakage of its bonds. |
| What comprises ATP? | Adenine, ribose (5-carbon sugar), and three phosphate groups. |
| What is a phosphoanhydride bond? | A bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule. These bonds are broken to produce the energy found in ATP. |
| What reaction occurs when ATP is broken? | A hydrolysis reaction. |
| Describe the function of an enzyme. | These (mostly) proteins catalyze, or speed up, biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction inside a cell. |
| What is an active site? | This is the enzymes specific region to which the substrate (molecule on which the enzyme acts) binds. |
| What does denature mean? | This process changes the substance's natural properties. Often affected by change in temp and pH. |
| Describe competitive inhibition. | Competitive inhibition is when an inhibitor molecule is similar enough to its substrate that it can bind to the active site of the enzyme and block the site from other substrates. |
| Describe allosteric inhibition. | This is when an inhibitor molecule binds to the enzyme in a different place (not active site) and it induces a conformational change in all its active sites. |
| What is a coenzyme? | A small organic molecules (like a vitamin) which is required to enhance the enzyme's activity. |
| What is a cofactor? | An inorganic ion (like iron and magnesium ions) required for optimal enzyme activity regulation. |
| What is feedback inhibition? | A product's effect of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the first enzyme's activity in the pathway that produces it. Basically, the pathway's end product inhibits an upstream step. |
| Energy is stored in long-term bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a______ molecule. | glucose:ATP |
| Which of the following molecules has the most potential energy? A) sucrose B) ATP C) glucose D)ADP | C) glucose. |
| What is an untrue statement of enzymes? | That they increase the Gibbs free energy in a reaction and that they are destroyed after use. |
Created by:
tali_Alley
Popular Biology sets