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Unit 3: Cells
Cell Structures and Processes Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Microscope | an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| Cell Theory | a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| Distinguish | to recognize something as different |
| Organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| Cell Wall | a rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| Cell Membrane | a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell |
| Cytoplasm | the thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes) |
| Nucleus | in cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities |
| Mitochondria | rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions |
| Chloroplast | an organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food |
| Vacuole | a sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials |
| Structure | the way something is built or arranged |
| Function | an activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing |
| Selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass across it, while others cannot |
| Diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Endocytosis | the process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles |
| Exocytosis | the process by which the vacuole surrounding particles fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| Maintain | to keep in an existing state |
| Cell cycle | the series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells |
| Interphase | the first stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs, during which a cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA |
| Replication | the process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus before cell division |
| Mitosis | the second stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |
| Cytokinesis | the final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new daughter cells |
| Sequence | a particular order in which related events follow each other |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water |
| Autotroph | an organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food |
| Heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food and gets food by consuming other living things |
| Chlorophyll | a green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| Cellular Respiration | the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells, releasing energy |
| Fermentation | the process by which cells release energy by breaking down food molecules without oxygen |
| Produce | to make from components or raw materials |
| Source | a place, person, or thing from which something can be obtained |
Created by:
Ms. Wright
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