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Nightingale Anatomy
Week 1-5 Content
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The knee is ________ to the foot. | Proximal |
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to | the infero-medial aspect of the back |
| Regarding directional terms, superior means | toward the head |
| A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane. | coronal |
| _____ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas _____ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ. | Medullary; cortical |
| The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a _____cavity and a _____ cavity. | cranial;spinal |
| An example of a tissue in the body is | epithelium |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | axial and appendicular |
| The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region. | superior |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is | median |
| Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? | developmental anatomy |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be | polar |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons. | eight |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) | element |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge |
| The atomic number tells you the | number of protons in the nucleus |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: | eight protons |
| A molecule that is polar: | can form a hydrogen bond; has an unequal charge |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? | decomposition reaction |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) | chemical bond |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | octet rule |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: | covalent |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | ionic |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more _____. | down; acidic |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | polar |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? | hydrolysis |
| Acids | release hydrogen ions. |
| This membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes. | peroxisome |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged | as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads |
| This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae. | mitochondria |
| This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells. | peroxisome |
| Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter? | microtubules |
| This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases. | lysosome |
| In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passageway for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called | transport proteins |
| Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other? | gap junction |
| Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? | centrosome |
| The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the | serratus anterior |
| The term _____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement. | agonist |
| In addition to the Pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi. | convergent |
| The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement. | parallel |
| An example of a muscle with this type of fascicle arrangement is the orbicularis oris. | circular |
| The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle | tone |
| The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible. | parallel |
| The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the | transverse abdominis |
| The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as | circular |
| Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be | extrinsic or intrinsic |
| The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the | The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the |
| The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the | origin |
| The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the | endomysium |
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sidesis categorized as | bipennate |
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Spencer_Ramos
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