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4) Cell Division PPW
Biology Revision 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a controlled variable? | Everything is identical between 2 experiments and remain constant. |
| What is an independent variable? | The variable that you manipulate or change |
| What is a dependent variable? | The variable that is being tested and measured in the experiment |
| What was the significance of Miller Urey experiment? | Miller-Urey experiment in 1953 showed that organic molecules (amino acids, hydrocarbons) could be formed under conditions that prevailed on Early Earth. The first life forms were probably based on RNA |
| What are the 7 properties of life? | 1- Cellular (3 Cell theory ) 2-Ordered complexity (like pond water) 3-Sensitivity 4-Growth, development and reproduction 5-Energy utilization (like phototrophs with sun) 6-Homeostatis (stable internal conditions) 7-Evolution |
| Explain binary fission in bacteria. How many chromosome does a bacteria have? | Bacteria has one circular chromosome. It's replicated before cell division. Bacterial chromosome replicate during binary fission. See diagram |
| What is chromatin made of? | Chromatin= Protein + DNA |
| What is the shape and size of a chromosome? | Long and linear. The structure is complex because they need to pack 1 meter DNA inside the nucleus. |
| What is a chromatid and what holds them together? | A chromatid is a copy of the chromosome, help together by the centromere. (2 sister chromatids=1 chromosome) |
| What's the structure of a copy chromosome made of? | 2 Sister chromatids |
| Describe the cell cycle | G1 (Gap phase 1): Primary growth phase of cell S (Synthesis): Cell synthesizes a replica of the genome G2 (Gap 2): Second growth phase Mitosis: Mitosis is the essential step in the separation of the two daughter genomes, it has five stages |
| What are the 5 stages of mitosis and their role? (Draw what each phase looks like) | PMAT Prophase: Metaphase: Anaphase: Telophase: |
| What happens in prophase? | Chromosome condenses, nuclear breakdown, 2 centrioles migrate to opposite poles, spindles fibers form |
| What happens in metaphase? | Chromosomes line up on equator "metaphase plate" |
| What happens in anaphase? | Centromere breaks down, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles |
| What happens in telophase? | Nuclear membrane reforms in each daughter cell, chromosome decondenses, nuclear enveloppe reappears, spindle fiber diseappers |
| What are spindle fibers? | Little lines that look like a magnetic field : ) |
| What is the aster and its role? | Thing that looks like a star in the spindle fiber (metaphase). The aster anchors the centrosome to the plasma membrane in the animal cell. Plant cells don't need aster bc they have the cell wall |
Created by:
Malayka
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