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bio 3/4

cellular respiration

QuestionAnswer
What is the purpose of cellular respiration? To produce useable energy in the form of ATP from glucose.
What is glycolysis? Occurs in the cytosol. Glucose is broken into 2 pyruvate/pyruvic acid molecules (C3H4O3) and the energy from phosphate bond between ADP+P and NAD+ is broken, energy is released in the form of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules
What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis? Glucose + 2ADP+P + 2NAD+ = 2 pyruvic acid + 2ATP + 2NADH
What is the aerobic respiration word equation? Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + 34/36 ATP molecules
Origin of mitochondria? Mitochondrial DNA is circular and can replicate itself through binary fission, mitochondrial ribosomes have similarities with bacterial ribosomes, they lack a cytosol and have a membrane.
What is the structure of mitochondria? The mitochondria contain a matrix, where the Krebs cycle occurs, the mitochondrial cristae, where the electron transport chain occurs. It also has an outer membrane, inner membrane and intermembrane space.
What is the purpose of the Krebs Cycle? Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and produces ATP from Acetyl CoA.
What are the steps in the Krebs Cycle? Pyruvate changes to Acetyl CoA (input), that is broken down into carbon dioxide and 2 ATP (output) and electron carrier molecules NADH and FADH2.
What are the main inputs and outputs of the Krebs Cycle? Acetyl CoA + FAD and NAD+ = Carbon dioxide + NADH and FADH2
What is the purpose of the Electron Transport Chain? Occurs in the cristae of mitochondria and produces up to 32 ATP.
What are the steps in the Electron Transport Chain? Energy carrier coenzymes (NADH + FADH2), electrons and protons (input) are moved across the mitochondrial membrane to generate 30/32 ATP (output). Oxygen (input) captures electrons which combines with hydrogen ions to create water as an output.
What are the main inputs and outputs of the Electron Transport Chain? Oxygen + NADH and FADH2 = 30/32 ATP + water
What is anaerobic respiration? It occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is not present, occurs in the cytosol and produces lactic acid, carbon dioxide and 2 ATP (animals) or ethanol and 2 ATP (plants).
What is fermentation in animals? Pyruvate turns to lactic acid and then leaves the cell to prevent build up.
How does temperature affect the rate of cellular respiration? In lower temperatures, reactant molecules have less kinetic energy and therefore have a lower reaction rate. However, once the temperature is higher than optimal (37 Degrees), the enzymes will denature and the reaction rate will fall rapidly.
How does glucose availability affect the rate of cellular respiration? Glucose is a substrate for the reaction therefore increasing the glucose availability will increase the reaction rate to a degree.
How does oxygen concentration affect the rate of cellular respiration? Oxygen is required for the electron transport chain, therefore lower oxygen levels decrease the rate of aerobic respiration and increases the rate of anaerobic respiration, ultimately lowering the number of ATP produced.
Created by: lucyokane
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