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Biology Chapter 2
The Chemical Foundation of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have? | 54 neutrons |
| Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called_____ | isotopes |
| Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is it's possible electron configuration? | shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron |
| What type of bond represents a weak bond? | Hydrogen bond |
| Properties of water | Polar, lower density when solid, high heat capacity, high heat vaporization, good solvent, cohesion, and adhesion |
| What is an acid? | A molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution (lowering pH). |
| What is a base? | A molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the hydrogen ions' concentration in a solution (raises pH). |
| What is a buffer? | A substance that resists change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions (balancing pH). |
| How many atoms/molecules can carbon bond with? | Four |
| What is an ionic bond? | A bond where two or more atoms transfer an electron, therefore creating one anion and one cation. These charges are then attracted to each other creating a bonded molecule. |
| What is a polar covalent bond? | A bond where two or more atoms share an electron unequally. This creates partial charges on the atoms. Very strong bond. |
| What is an isomer? | These molecules share the same chemical formula but differ in the placement of their atoms or chemical bonds. |
| What is electronegativity? | The ability of some elements to attract electrons. This creates partial charges in the molecule |
| What is an Ion? | An atom or chemical group that doesn't contain equal numbers of protons and electrons. |
| Aromatic hydrocarbon? | A hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms |
| What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon? | A hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms. |
| Describe what a hydrogen bond is. | A weak bond occurring between partial negative end of one molecule attracted to partial positive end of another molecule. This bond doesn't form molecules, it links them together loosely |
| What classifies an organic molecule? | The presence of carbon. |
| Define cohesion of water | Water molecules are attracted to each other because of the molecule's polarity. This creates surface tension and balls of water on surfaces |
| Define adhesion | When water molecules are attracted to polar/charged surfaces. (Capillary action is an example.) |
| What is the most basic organic molecule? | Methane |
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tali_Alley
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