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AP Psychology Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motor Cortex | coordinates body movements |
| Somatosensory Cortex | coordinates sensory data |
| Reticular Formation | stimuli/arousal |
| Pons | coordinate movement and sleep |
| Thalamus | Info-hub/ sensory control |
| Cerebellum | emotions/judge time/voluntary movement/non-verbal learning |
| what sense does the thalamus not control | smell |
| Amygdala | controls emotion/fear |
| Hippocampus | new memories |
| Hypothalamus | body maintenance |
| Frontal Lobe | judgement, planning, speaking |
| Parietal lobe | sensory input |
| Occipital Lobe | receive visual information |
| temporal lobe | auditory |
| Broca's Area | difficulty forming words/can understand |
| Werenicke's Area | can form words/ difficulty understanding |
| Axon | pass messages from the cell body to other neurons |
| Corpus Callosum | structure between the two hemispheres |
| Right Motor functions | left hemisphere |
| Left motor functions | right hemisphere |
| Quick literal interpretations of language | left hemisphere |
| Language | left hemisphere |
| Speech | left hemisphere |
| Math | left hemisphere |
| Inferences | right hemisphere |
| Moduate Speech | right hemisphere |
| Self awareness | right hemisphere |
| perceptual tasks | right hemisphere |
| Dendrite | receive messages from other cells |
| Terminal Branch | form junctions with other cells |
| Synaptic Gap | space between axon and dendrite of two neurons |
| Myelin Sheath | covers the axon, helps speed neural impulses |
| glial cells | support the neuron/ provide nutrients and myelin |
| agonist | increases a neurotransmitters action |
| antagonist | blocks a neurotransmitters action |
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons |
| pituitary | "Master gland"/controlled by hypothalamus/ growth hormone/ oxytocin(bonding) |
| adrenal glands | epinepherine/norepinepherine (fight or flight) |
| thyroid | thyroxine metabolism- |
| hormones | endocrine system/chemical messengers |
| afferent | sensory neurons- carry messages to the CNS |
| efferent | motor neurons- carry messages from the CNS |
| PET scan | glucose- to see what parts of the brain use the chemical |
| CAT scan | fancy x-ray- useful for finding tumors |
| MRI | uses magnetic fields to knock electrons off of axes |
| fMRI | combines PET and MRI, uses blood flow |
| EEG | recording of the waves of electrical activity in the brain |
| TMS | sends electric currents to certain regions of the brain, used to treat neuropathic pain and major depressive disorder |
| What happens if the myelin degenerates | multiple sclerosis |
| Parallel Processing | same time |
| Sequential Processing | one after another |
| Dual Track Mind | concious/unconcious- processing on two tracks at the same time |
| Nature vs Nurture | heredity vs enviornment |
| Heritability | property of the population not the individual |
| Epigenetics | how environment influences gene expression |
| Mutations | random error in gene replication |
| Why is the evolutionary approach sometimes criticized | sexist- not really reflected in reality |
| evolutionary approach-sleep | protection |
| recuperation-sleep | rid of toxic waste, immune, brain tissue |
| build memories-sleep | consolidates memories, strengthens neural connections |
| creative thinking-sleep | sleeping on a problem=more creative problem solving |
| growth-sleep | Pituitary gland relases growth hormone athletic ability (muscle memory, faster reaction times, more energy, more endurance) |
| Action Potential | Sodium and potassium |
| all or nothing response | you cannot part-fire a neuron |
| more sensation=? | more neurons firing more often |
| Reuptake | unused neurotransmitters reabsorbed into the sending neurotransmitter |
| Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | connects CNS to limbs and organs, allowing communication |
| Sympathetic nervous system | fight or flight |
| somatic nervous system | skeletal muscle |
| autonomic nervous system | controls glands and muscles |
| parasympathetic nervous system | calms after fight or flight/rest and digest |
| insulin and digestive enzymes | pancreas |
| Estrogen, testosterone | sex hormones/ovaries and testes |
| Thymus | immune response |
| Pineal gland | regulates sleep patterns/melatonin |
| oxytocin | bonding |
| Lesions | removal or destruction of some part of the brain |
| Plasticity | brains ability to change |
| neurogenesis | formation of new neurons |
| hemispherectomy | removing one hemisphere of the brain |
| Conciousness | subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| Blindsight | respond to visual stimulus without conciously experiencing it |
| alpha waves drop, heart rate slows, hypnagogic hallucinations, 10 min.(sleep) | NREM1 |
| sleep spindles (bursts a rapid brain activity, easy to wake up from, 20 min. (sleep) | NREM2 |
| Delta waves, hard to awaken, slow wave sleep, 30 min. (sleep) | NREM3 |
| rapid brain waves, heart rate increases, hallucinatory dreams, motor cortex blocked, paradoxical sleep, genital arousal (Sleep) | REM |
| sleep debt | cumulative lack of sleep |
| Insomnia | inability to fall asleep and stay asleep |
| Narcolepsy | falling asleep at random times |
| Sleep Apnea | stop breathing while you sleep |
| Night Terrors | NREM3, nightmares you can't wake up from |
| Can you be addicted to a behavior | No |
Created by:
sophiesoup13
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