AP Psychology Unit 2
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| Motor Cortex | coordinates body movements
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| Somatosensory Cortex | coordinates sensory data
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| Reticular Formation | stimuli/arousal
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| Pons | coordinate movement and sleep
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| Thalamus | Info-hub/ sensory control
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| Cerebellum | emotions/judge time/voluntary movement/non-verbal learning
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| what sense does the thalamus not control | smell
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| Amygdala | controls emotion/fear
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| Hippocampus | new memories
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| Hypothalamus | body maintenance
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| Frontal Lobe | judgement, planning, speaking
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| Parietal lobe | sensory input
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| Occipital Lobe | receive visual information
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| temporal lobe | auditory
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| Broca's Area | difficulty forming words/can understand
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| Werenicke's Area | can form words/ difficulty understanding
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| Axon | pass messages from the cell body to other neurons
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| Corpus Callosum | structure between the two hemispheres
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| Right Motor functions | left hemisphere
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| Left motor functions | right hemisphere
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| Quick literal interpretations of language | left hemisphere
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| Language | left hemisphere
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| Speech | left hemisphere
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| Math | left hemisphere
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| Inferences | right hemisphere
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| Moduate Speech | right hemisphere
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| Self awareness | right hemisphere
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| perceptual tasks | right hemisphere
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| Dendrite | receive messages from other cells
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| Terminal Branch | form junctions with other cells
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| Synaptic Gap | space between axon and dendrite of two neurons
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| Myelin Sheath | covers the axon, helps speed neural impulses
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| glial cells | support the neuron/ provide nutrients and myelin
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| agonist | increases a neurotransmitters action
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| antagonist | blocks a neurotransmitters action
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| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons
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| pituitary | "Master gland"/controlled by hypothalamus/ growth hormone/ oxytocin(bonding)
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| adrenal glands | epinepherine/norepinepherine (fight or flight)
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| thyroid | thyroxine metabolism-
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| hormones | endocrine system/chemical messengers
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| afferent | sensory neurons- carry messages to the CNS
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| efferent | motor neurons- carry messages from the CNS
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| PET scan | glucose- to see what parts of the brain use the chemical
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| CAT scan | fancy x-ray- useful for finding tumors
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| MRI | uses magnetic fields to knock electrons off of axes
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| fMRI | combines PET and MRI, uses blood flow
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| EEG | recording of the waves of electrical activity in the brain
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| TMS | sends electric currents to certain regions of the brain, used to treat neuropathic pain and major depressive disorder
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| What happens if the myelin degenerates | multiple sclerosis
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| Parallel Processing | same time
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| Sequential Processing | one after another
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| Dual Track Mind | concious/unconcious- processing on two tracks at the same time
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| Nature vs Nurture | heredity vs enviornment
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| Heritability | property of the population not the individual
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| Epigenetics | how environment influences gene expression
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| Mutations | random error in gene replication
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| Why is the evolutionary approach sometimes criticized | sexist- not really reflected in reality
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| evolutionary approach-sleep | protection
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| recuperation-sleep | rid of toxic waste, immune, brain tissue
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| build memories-sleep | consolidates memories, strengthens neural connections
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| creative thinking-sleep | sleeping on a problem=more creative problem solving
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| growth-sleep | Pituitary gland relases growth hormone
athletic ability (muscle memory, faster reaction times, more energy, more endurance)
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| Action Potential | Sodium and potassium
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| all or nothing response | you cannot part-fire a neuron
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| more sensation=? | more neurons firing more often
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| Reuptake | unused neurotransmitters reabsorbed into the sending neurotransmitter
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| Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal cord
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| Peripheral Nervous System | connects CNS to limbs and organs, allowing communication
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| Sympathetic nervous system | fight or flight
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| somatic nervous system | skeletal muscle
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| autonomic nervous system | controls glands and muscles
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| parasympathetic nervous system | calms after fight or flight/rest and digest
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| insulin and digestive enzymes | pancreas
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| Estrogen, testosterone | sex hormones/ovaries and testes
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| Thymus | immune response
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| Pineal gland | regulates sleep patterns/melatonin
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| oxytocin | bonding
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| Lesions | removal or destruction of some part of the brain
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| Plasticity | brains ability to change
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| neurogenesis | formation of new neurons
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| hemispherectomy | removing one hemisphere of the brain
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| Conciousness | subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment
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| Blindsight | respond to visual stimulus without conciously experiencing it
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| alpha waves drop, heart rate slows, hypnagogic hallucinations, 10 min.(sleep) | NREM1
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| sleep spindles (bursts a rapid brain activity, easy to wake up from, 20 min. (sleep) | NREM2
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| Delta waves, hard to awaken, slow wave sleep, 30 min. (sleep) | NREM3
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| rapid brain waves, heart rate increases, hallucinatory dreams, motor cortex blocked, paradoxical sleep, genital arousal (Sleep) | REM
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| sleep debt | cumulative lack of sleep
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| Insomnia | inability to fall asleep and stay asleep
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| Narcolepsy | falling asleep at random times
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| Sleep Apnea | stop breathing while you sleep
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| Night Terrors | NREM3, nightmares you can't wake up from
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| Can you be addicted to a behavior | No
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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