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CARDIAC
CCRN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| STROKE VOLUME/INDEX | ASSESSES PUMP PERFORMANCE |
| CARDIAC OUTPUT | ASSESSES BLOOD FLOW |
| CVP/ RAP | ASSESSES RIGHT HEART FILLING PRESSURES |
| PAOP | ASSESSES LEFT HEART FILLING PRESSURES |
| SvO2 | ASSESSES TISSUE OXYGENATION. |
| SvO2 | 0.60 - 0.75 |
| STROKE VOLUME | 50 -100 mL/beat |
| STROKE INDEX | 25 - 45 mL/beat/M2 |
| CARDIAC OUTPUT | 4 - 8 L/min |
| CARDIAC INDEX | 2.5 - 4 L/min/M2 |
| CVP | 2 - 6 mmHg |
| PAP | 25/10 mmHg |
| PAOP | 8 -12 mmHg |
| SVR | 900 - 1300 dynes sec/cm5 |
| PVR | 40 - 150 dynes sec/cm5 |
| MAP | 70 - 110 mmHg |
| SVRI | 1900 - 2400 dynes sec/cm5 |
| SvO2 level interpretation. | < 0.60 represent a threat to tissue oxygenation. < 0.50 Threat is urgent > 0.80 may indicate oxygen is inadequate. > 0.90 ususally erroneous |
| SI level interpretation. | < 25ml/beat/M2 indicate impaired ejection due to1. inadequate preload.2. reduced contractility, e.g. LV failure.3. increased resistance (AFTERLOAD). |
| CI level interpretation. | < 2.2 L/min/M2 reflect threat to tissue oxygenation.- may be normal despite low SV/SI if heart rate increased. |
| PAOP level interpretation. | - <8 mm Hg reflects possible hypovolimia if SI is low.- >12 mm Hg reflects possible LV failure if SI is low. ->25 relects threat of pulmonary congestion. |
| CVP level interpretation. | < 2 mmHg reflects possible hypovolemia if SI is low. > 6 mmHg reflects possible RV failure if SI is low. |
| SVR level interpretation. | < 900 dynes-sec/cm5 indicates low systemic vascular resistance. e.g. sepsis > 1300 dynes-sec/cm5 incicates high systemic vascular resistance. e.g. hypertension, compensation of low CI. |
| PVR level interpretation. | < 40 dynes-sec/cm5 indicates low pulmonary vascular resistance. e.g. sepsis. > 150 cdynes-sec/cm5 indicates high pulmonary vascular resistance. e.g. pulmonary hypertentionprimarysecondary- chronic lung disease, ARDS, pulmonary emboli, LV failure. |
| Causes of low SvO2 (< 0.60). | LOW CO/CI - HYPOVOLEMIA, LV FAILURE.LOW HEMOGLOBIN - BLEEDING, DISHEMOGLOBINEMIALOW SaO2 - PULMONARY DISFUNCTION.HIGH O2 CONSUMPTION - INCREASED METABOLIC RATE. |
| Causes of high SvO2 (> 0.80). | SEPSIS, SYSTEMIC INFLAMMITORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS), CIRRHOSIS, ANATOMIC ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNT (AV FISTULA-DIALYSIS) |
| CORONARY SINUS | It is the main venous drainage vessel of the heart. |
| The A wave on the CVP and PAOP tracing represents which physical event? | ATRIAL CONTRACTION |
| The C wave on the CVP and PAOP tracing occurs due to which anatomic event? | MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVE CLOSURE |
| Which hemodynamic waves are produced by the atria? | A, C, and V waves |
| LACTATE | 1-2 mmol/L |
| Creatine Kinase (CK) Total Value | 0 - 170 IU/L |
| CK/MB | 0 - 6 mg/ml |
| CK Index or Ratio | 0 - 1.5% |
| Troponin I | < 0.4 ng/mlBoarderline: .4 - 2 ng/mlElevated: > 2 ng/ml |
| BECK'S TRIAD | CLASSICAL FINDING IN CARDIAC TAMPONADE. A. HYPOTENSION (DECREASED STROKE ) B. JUGULARVENOUS DISTENTION (IMPAIRED VENOUS RETURN TO THE RT. HEART) C. MUFFLED HEART SOUNDS (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) |
| SYMPTOMS OF CARDIAC TAMPONADE. | BECK'S TRIAD, DECREASE LOC, PULSUS PARADOXUS |
| CARDIAC CONTUSION | BRUISING OF THE MYOCARDIUM RBBB VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS |
Created by:
nerdismart
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