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Topic 3
Cell Structure part B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amphipathic | Having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids |
| Integral Membrane Proteins | a protein molecule (or assembly of proteins) that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. |
| Peripheral Membrane Proteins | A protein loosely bound in the surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer. |
| Selective Permeability | A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances |
| Diffusion | The spontaneous movements of a substance down its concentration gradient, from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated. |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | A system in a steady state. In a steady state the rate of inputs is equal to the rate of outputs so that the composition of the system is unchanging in time. For example, a lake is in a steady state when water flows in at the same rate as water flows out. |
| Passive Transport | The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane with the assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins |
| Active Transport | The movement of a substance across a cell membrane, with an expenditure of energy, against the concentration or electrocehmical gradient; mediated by specific transport proteins. |
| Channel Protein | Protein forming an aqueous pore spanning the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane which when open allows certain solutes to traverse the membrane. |
| Carrier Protein | proteins that transport a specific substance or group of substances through intracellular compartments or in extracellular fluids (e.g. in the blood) or else across the cell membrane. |
| Membrane Potential | The difference in electrical charge (voltage) across a cell's plasma membrane, due to the differential distribution of ions. Membrane potential affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged substances. |
| Electrochemical Gradient | The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane (a chemical force) and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force). |
| Proton Pump | An active transport protein in a cell membrane that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient, generating a membrane potential in the process. |
| Co-transport | The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Toniccity | The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water. |
Created by:
Cartejer
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