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Chapter 2 Cell quizz
CELLS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are organisms organized from the smallest to the largest structures? | -cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism |
| Define cells. | cell-membrane covered structure that contains all the materials necessary for life. |
| Explain Hooke and VanLeeuwenhoek’s contributions to cell study. | a) Robert Hooke- saw first dead cells in cork b) Anton Van Leewenhoek-first observed living cells in pond water |
| Explain all 3 parts of the cell theory. | a) all organisms are composed of one or more cells b) cell is the basic unit of life in all living things c) all cells come from other cells |
| Explain how the size of the cell limits how big a cell can grow. Be sure to include volume and surface area in your answer. | Cells are small so the surface is large enough to bring in enough nutrients or get rid of enough waste to keep the cell alive.Inside grows faster than the outside |
| What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic. | A) prokaryote -i.e.) bacteria -No nucleus; DNA floats freely B) Eukaryote - Have nucleus that contains DNA -i.e. animal cells |
| Explain cell membrane. | cell membrane- (High way of the cell) allows nutrients and waste to move into and out of cell - made of phospholipids that do not like water so it is semipermeable. |
| Explain cytoplasm | Cytoplasm- jellylike material that surrounds organelles |
| Explain ribosomes. What do they make? | Smallest and most abundant organelle Where amino acids hook together to make proteins |
| Explain endoplasmic reticulum. What are its jobs? | Sacks and tunnels of membranes that carry substances to outside of cell Types- Rough-covered with ribosomes; transports proteins Smooth-is not covered with ribosomes; transports proteins, lipids and ; break down chemicals that harm cells. |
| Explain golgi bodies. | flattened stacked membranes changes lipids and proteins from ER, pinches them off into sacks (vesicles) and ships them out of the cell 1) vesicle- membrane bound structure that carries substances from golgi bodies Helps create lysosomes |
| Explain nucleus and nucleolus. | nucleus- largest organelle Stores DNA Nucleolus in nucleus Stores material used to make ribosomes |
| What is DNA? | -deoxyribonucleic acid. Contains all the information to tell the organelles and the cell what do. |
| What is the relationship between golgi bodies and vesicles? | GB changes lipids and proteins from rough ER, pinches them off into sacks (vesicles) and ships them out of the cell |
| What are vacuoles? | Sack that contains water, waste material, food Makes up most of cells volume |
| Explain lysosomes. | lysosomes--“garbage trucks” of the cell they contain digestive enzymes -breakdown old cells and bacteria -White Blood Cells have more lysosomes |
| Explain chloroplasts. What is the relationship between chloroplasts and mitochondria? | 1) contain cholorophyll-green pigment 2) absorb sunlight ; where photosynthesis occurs and glucose (sugar) is made. |
| Explain the importance of mitochondria. What happens in the mitochondria? What is cristae and why is it important?...include surface area in your answer. | Energy is released in this organelle from glucose being broken down Active organs like muscles have more mitochondria Has cristae – inner folds that increase the surface area so more glucose can be broken down and more energy (ATP) released |
| What are the two basic shapes of cells and which is animal and which is plants. | Plant cell- square Animal cell- usually round |
| What type of cell contains cell walls and why are cell walls important? | Plant cells cell wall- made of cellulose, -Tough and rigid -Helps maintain the shape of the cell |
| Define tissues, organs and organ system | Tissue- -group of cells that work together to perform a specific job organ- -two or more tissues working together to perform a specific job. Organ System- -Group of organs working together -i.e) digestive, respiratory |
| hypothesis | hypothesis- a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
| prediction | a thing predicted |
| control group | the group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do. |
| experimental group | a group that receives a treatment in an experiment. EX: A plant treatment group could receive a new plant fertilizer, more sunlight, or distilled water. The group that does not receive the treatment is called the control group. |
| independent variable | Independent variable – the variable that is altered during a |
| Dependent variable | Dependent variable – the variable being tested or measured during a scientific experiment. |
| Define stimulus | A reaction caused by a change in natural environment |
| Define response | a verbal or written answer. |
| Define homeostasis | the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes. |
Created by:
23cmontgomery
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