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Science test.

Flashcards for the upcoming science test on 10/4/21.

QuestionAnswer
Name the organization of system in order from smallest to largest. Cell, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism.
Define organism. Anything that can live on its own.
Define cell. Membrane covered structure that contains all the materials necessary for life.
Define tissue. Group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.
Define organ. Two or more tissues working together to perform a specific job.
Define organ system and give two examples. Group of organs working together. Examples: digestive, respiratory.
Define what Robert Hooke did. Saw first cells in cork.
Define what Anton Van-Leeuwenhoek did. First observed living cells in pond water.
Define cell theory. All organisms are composed of one or more cells, cell is the basic unit of life in all living things, and all cells come from other cells.
Why can't cells be bigger than others? Cells are small because large cells would not have enough surface area to bring in enough nutrients or get rid of enough waste to keep cells alive (the inside grows faster than the outside)(big or small organisms have the same sized cells).
Name the two types of cells, their function, and one example of each type. 1) Prokaryote - has no nucleus to contain DNA: it floats around. Example: bacteria. 2) Eukaryote - has nucleus to which contains DNA. Example: animal cells.
Define organelles. Little organs of function.
Define cytoplasm. Jelly-like material that surrounds organelles.
Define cell membrane. Allows nutrients and waste to move into and out of the cell. The cell membrane is made of phospholipids that do not like water, so it is semipermeable. All cells have cell membrane.
Define nucleus. The nucleus is the largest organelle, it
Define DNA. Deoxyribonnucleic acid. Contains all of the information to tell the organelles and cells what to do.
Define nucleolus. Nucleolus can be found in nucleus. Nucleolus stores material used to make ribosomes.
Define ribosomess. Ribosomes are the smallest and most abundant organelle. It is where amino acids hook together to make protiens.
Define endoplamic reticulum. Endoplamic reticulums have sacks and tunnels of membranes that carry substances to outside of cell. Rough endoplasmic reticulums are covered with ribosomes and transport protein. Smooth endoplasmic reticulums are not covered with ribosomes.
Define golgi bodies. Flattened stacked membranes. Golgi bodies change lipids and proteins, it pinches them off into sacks (vesicles). It also helps create lysosomes.
Define vesicles. Membrane bound structure that carries substances from golgi bodies.
Define lysosomes. Contain digestive enzymes, they break down old cells and bacteria. White blood cells contain a lot of lysosomes because they kill bacteria.
Define mitochondria. Releases in this organelle from glucose being broken down. Active tissues/organs like muscle tissue have more mitochondria. Has cristae.
Define cristae. Inner folds that increase the surface area so more glucose can be broken down and more energy (ATP) released. Has its own DNA which comes from the mother.
Define plant cells. Have some organelles that animal cells don't have: a cell wall that is made of cellulose, tough and rigid.
Define chloroplasts. Contains chlorophyll that contains green pigment. Absorbs sunlight where photosynthesis occurs and glucose (sugar) is made.
Define vacuoles. Sack that contains water, waste material, and food. Makes up most of cells volume.
What shape is both plant cells and animal cells.
Created by: AllStar123456
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