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Peds chapter 18
The preschooler
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What changes in growth would you expect to find in a child age 3 - 6 | grows taller loses chubbiness growth is seen mainly in the legs, they usually grow 3 inches in heighth give them an erect slender appearance |
| What is the visual acuity of a child at 3 years of age and at 4 years of age | 3 20/40 the four year old is 20/30 |
| By what age is hand preference developed | by the age of three |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a child this age | 90 - 110 |
| What does the child experience if someone tries to change their hand preference | frustration |
| What is the childs rate of respiration at rest | 20 breaths per minute |
| What is the normal range for blood pressure | 85-90 over 60 |
| What phase does Piaget refer to the 2-7 year old | Preoperational phase |
| It is divided into 2 stages reffered to as what happens in these stages | preconceptual stage 2-4 increased development of language and symbolic functioningintuitive thought stage is 4-7 years |
| What is symbolic functioning and give an example | creating a mental image for something that is not there for example an empty box is a fort |
| What is animism | attributing life to innanimate objects |
| What is artificialism | beleiving man created everything |
| Why do children develope these misconcerptions | a charateristic of this period is egocentrism and due to the childs lack of knowledge and experiences these misconceptions are often formed |
| What is the thought process in the intuitive stage | it is one of prelogical thinking, experience and logic are based on outside appearance |
| What is centering | tendancy to concrete something based on one characteristic disregarding its other features |
| What can contribute to developmental problems or delays in language | physiological psychological and environmental stressors |
| How many words should a three year old have in a sentence | 3 one word per year |
| By what age does a child show possessiveness | 2 1/2 |
| By what age should a child use past tense | 4 years |
| By what age should a child be able to use future tense | 5 years |
| What are the skills needed for developement of language | understanding and expressing oneself in language |
| What do children with difficulty expressing themselves often exhibit | tantrums and other forms of acting out |
| At what age do children start to mimick their parents daily living activities | 2 - 3 years |
| What does play enable the child to do | experience different life roles and emotional outlets or aquisition of desired toys and friends |
| What is the best approach to communication | appealing to the childs magical thinking |
| How do children learn of religious beleifs and practices | what they see in the home |
| What is their thoughts of God | they are concrete, sometimes treated as if he is an imaginary friend their |
| What do you assess in a child that is sexual curiosity | assess their knowledge and what knowledge they are trying to gain |
| How is misinterpretation and misunderstandings avoided | by using correct terminology |
| At what level do you base the information you give to a child that is curious about sexuality | Give honest accurate information at the level the child is at |
| When do you start providing sex education to a child | when the child begins to ask when they ask it often shows that they are ready to learn |
| What do parents need to understand about when sexual curiosityu starts in a child | when they begin to ask autonomical questions |
| What does the general perception about the baby coming from mommys tummy precede | more mature understanding of the funtion of sexual organs later on in life |
| What should a parent do about their young child cought masterbating | this needs to be approached in a posotive manner it is normal you want to encourage appropriate behaviour without using discipline do not have them perceive this behaviour as bad or dirty |
| When can masterbation be an issue | if the child is not social, not outgoing and is preoccupies with the activity |
| What do you need to rule out in a chiild that you think is masturbating | the possibility of any rash or irritation |
| Is masturbation more common in a particular gender and why does a child display this behaviour | no it is common in both genders and it is repeated because it feels good |
| What does parent teaching regarding masturbation need to include | that this behaviour is a form of sexual curiosity, is normal and is not harmful to the child public masterbation is inappropriate |
| What should be assessed when speaking to parents about sexual curiosity in children | you want to assess their culture to see what discomfort if any is present in the situation |
| What is helpful when aseessing a child that has been masturbating | hisory time place and the parents response to the activity is helpful punitive reactions are discouraged for the behaviour |
| What is beneficial for a child that masterbates frequently and has experienced a lot of disruption in their lives | ongoing counselling |
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