Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micro 2 - PCC
Micro - Second lecture exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 types of spirochetes | 1. Treponema 2. Borrelia 3. Leptospira |
| Tpreponema pallidum pallidum causes what? | Syphilis |
| Treponema pallidum pertenue causes what? | Yaws |
| Treponema pallidum endemicum cause what? | Bejel aka Endemic syphelis |
| Treponema carateum causes what? | Pinta |
| T or F: Humans are the only species that can get syphilis. | True |
| Syphilis occurs in how many stages? | 3 |
| In primary syphilis (first stage) describe the chancre present | PAINLESS, circular and purplish |
| What characterizes secondary syphilis? | A coppper colored rash over the entire body including the palms and soles |
| Stage of syphilis given the name "the great pox" because it can be mistaken for chicken pox or measles | Secondary syphilis |
| What denotes tertiary syphilis? | Gummas |
| What is a gumma? Where can they grow? | Granulomatous lesion which can grow on mucous membranes, skin, bones, liver and testes |
| Cardiovascular syphilis is characterized by what? | Gummas in the heart |
| Neurosyphilis aka what? Is characterized by what? | 1. Tabes dorsales 2. Gummas in the brain |
| What is associated with saddle nose deformity? | Neonatal syphilis |
| Can treponema (ei: syphilis) cross the placenta? | Uh huh |
| Other important terms to link to neonatal syphilis | Hutchinson's triad which is deafness, impaired vision and NOTCHED, PEG SHAPED teeth |
| Yaws aka what? What does it mean? | Frambesia : Red rasberry lesions |
| How do we get yaws? | By direct contact with an insect vectors such as flies |
| Where is yaws prevalent? | In warm, underdeveloped countries |
| Leptospira interrogans is carried by who and expelled into the environment how? | Carried by wild aminals and shed in their urine |
| Why is it not a good idea to eat yellow snow? | The urine could have come from a wild animal carrying leptospira interrogans |
| Clinical condition associated with leptospira interrogans | Leptospiroris |
| How does leptospiroris typically manifest? | As a urinary tract disease |
| Other condition associated with leptospiroris that has a high mortality rate | Weil's diease |
| Borrelia recurrentis aka what? | Relapsing fever |
| What are the 2 vectors associated with borrelia recurrentis | 1. Tick born 2. Louse born |
| Tick born relapsing fever aka what? | Endemic |
| Louse born relapsing fever aka what? | Epidemic |
| What is the primary resevoir of tick born relapsing fever? | Rodents and small mammals |
| What is the vector for louse born relapsing fever? | Human body louse |
| What is the resevoir for louse born relapsing fever? | Humans! |
| Where is louse born relapsing fever most common? | Asia, Africa and central south america |
| Infection of borrelia burgdorferi, a spirocete, is called what? | Lyme disease |
| What is the most reported tick born disease in the USA? | Lyme disease |
| What is the vector and the resevoir for lyme disease? | Vector = tick (deer tick) Reservoir = white footed mouse |
| What type of lesion is characteristic of lyme disease? | "bullseye" lesion... ring with a clear center |
| Can borrelia burgdorferi cross the placenta? | Sure can : results in still births |
| When being diagnosed with lyme disease, you need 2 of the following: | 1. Ixodes tick bite (with the tick being latched on for at least 36 hours) 2. Being in an endemic area (NE, upper midwest) 3. Bullseye rash 4. Flue like symptoms |
| Mycoplasma have no what? | CELL WALL! |
| Mycoplasma are very what? | Pleomorphic : no distinct shape |
| What is the smallest free-living bacterium? | Mycoplasma |
| Clinical significance of mycoplasma? aka what? | 1. Atypical pneumonia 2. Walking pneumonia |
| Who typically gets walking pneumonia? | Poeple ages 5-20 |
| Rickettsia aka what? | Rocky mountain spotted fever |
| What type of parasite is rickettsia? | Obligate intracellular |
| Therefor, where would you find rickettsia? | Living in the cytoplasm of host cells |
| What is the vector for rocky mountain feve aka rickettsia? | ARTHROPOD vector such as ticks, mites, fleas and lice... yummy |
| What is the primary resevoir for rocky mountain spotted fever? | Ticks |
| Which vector is typical for the rocky mountains? The west coast? The central states? | 1. wood tick 2. dog tick 3. lone star tick |
| 4 diffrent types of typhus | 1. Endemic typhus 2. Brill zinsser disease (recrudescent typhus) 3. Epidemic typhus 4. Scrub typhus |
| EPIDEMIC TYPHUS IS DUE TO WHAT? | Rickettsia prowazekii |
| What is the vector for epidemic typhus? Does it die from the infection? | 1. Human body louse 2. yes |
| Symptoms of epidemic typhus | 1. fever and delirium 2. Rash which begins on the trunk |
| Mortality rate for epidemic typhus | 70%...wonderfull |
| Endemic typhus aka what? (2) | Mexican typhus or murine typhus |
| Vector and reservoir for endemic typhus | Rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) |
| Scrub typhus is due to what? | Orientia tsutsugamushi |
| What is the vector and reservoir for scrub typhus? | The laval form (chigger) of a mite |
| What bacteria(?) determines the temperature at which we pasturize our milk? | Coxiella burnetii |
| Clinical significance or coxiella burnetii | Causes O fever |
| Wha is the most infectious organism known to man? | Coxiella burnetii |
| How does coxiella burnetti get in our bodies? | Consumption of contaiminated animal products such as milk OR inhalation of body fluid airosols |
| Sennetsu fiever is due to what? | Ehrlichia sennetsu |
| How do you get snnetsu fever? | Eating raw fish infected with flukes |
| Where is sennetsu fever common? | Japan |
| In human monocytic ehrlichiosis what is the vector and the reservoir? | Vector = Lone star tick Reservoir = white tailed deer |
| Where is human monocytic ehrlichiosis present in the US? | South east, South central and central atlantic |
| Chlamydiae is what type of bacteria> | Obligate intracellular |
| Chlamydiae are known as what? Cell wall present? | Energy parasites and have no cell wall |
| Chlamydiar trachmoatis can be devided into 3 subclasses | 1. Biovas 2. Trachoma 3. LGV (lymphogranuloma venereum) |
| What is the world's leading cause of PREVENTABLE blindless | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Why can chlamydiae trachomatis cause blindless | scars the corneas |
| Scaring of the corea due to chlamydiae aka what? | keratoconjunctivitis |
| Is chlamydiae trachomatis an STD | hell no! |
| How can chlamydiae trachomatis be spread? | By flies, hands, TOWELS and droplets |
| Where is chlamydiae trachomatis common? | In the mid-East, Africa and India |
| chlamydiae the STD is du to what? | chlamydiae trachomatis strains B, D-K |
| What is the most common STD | Duh! chlamydiae |
| How does chlamydiae typically first present itself? | Asymptomatic |
| chlamydiae commonly presents as a dual infection with what? | Gonorrhea |
| chlamydiae, the STD, may result in what? | Reiter's syndrome |
| Adlut inclusion conjunctivitis is due to what and aka what? | chlamydiae trachomatis gential strains D-K swimming pool conjunctivitis |
| Neonatal conjunctivitis is due to what? | chlamydiae trachomatis gential strains D-K |
| Infant pneunonia may begin as a progession from what? | neonatal conjunctivitis |
| Word to associate with neonatal pneumonia | Staccota cough |
| Lymphogranuloma veneruem is due to what? | chlamydiae trachomatis strains L1-3 |
| chlamydiae Psittaci causes what? | Psittacosis, Parrot fever and ornithosis |
| chlamydiae pneumoniae (caused by chlamydiae) was previously called what? | Taiwan and acutute respiratory (TWAR) strain |
| Parasitic diseases are almost always | Exogenous |
| Parasites are not usually ___ and to do not produce many ___ | 1. Virulent 2. Toxins |
| 2 things to know about protozoa | They have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Protozoa can form ___ in adverse conditions | Cysts |
| Protozoa are classified how? | Mode of locomotion |
| 4 methodes of locomotion | 1. Sarcodina 2. Ciliata 3. Mastigophora 4. Sporozoa |
| Protozoa that have pseudopodia | Sarcodina |
| Protozoa that locomote via cilia | Ciliata |
| Protozoa that have flagella | Mastigophora |
| Protozoa that have no form of locomotion | Sporozoa |
| Comment on the sexuality of the Sporozoa | Have an involved life cycle with alternation of sexual and asexual generations |
| Sacodina : what are the pseudopods used for? | Locomotion and feeding |
| Sacodina : the active and feeding stage is called what? | Trophozoite stage |
| Sacodina : When it is said to be dormant, resistant and inefective | Cyst stage |
| Sacodina : aka | The amoeba |
| Amoeba : an example of Naegleria spp. ? aka what? | 1. Naegleria fowleri 2. aka brain eating amoeba |
| How does one get Naegleria fowleri? | Warm swimming pools or bodies of standing water (you get it when the water goes up your nose) |
| How can we get rid of Naegleria fowleri in our pools? Does it kill all of them? | Putting in chloride... does not kill the cysted form |
| Name another opportunistic ameoba other than naegleria spp. Affects who? | 1. Acanthamoeba 2. Immunocompremized patients |
| Examples of commensalitic Amoeba. 2. Found where? | 1. Entamoeba coli and Entamebo gingivitis 2. Normal flora |
| So we have opportunistic ameoba (Naegleria spp and acanthameoba), commensalistic amoeba and _____ amoeba | Parasitic |
| Example of a parasitic ameoba | Entameoba histolytica |
| The most cosmopolitan parasitic disease? | Ameobiasis |
| How do we spread ameobiasis? | Fecal-oral route |
| Clinical condition associated with parasitic ameoba (3) | 1. Asymptomatic carriage 2. Intestinal amoebiasis 3. Extranintestinal ameobiasis |
| Intestinal ameobiasis aka what? | Amoebic dysentery |
| Infection where is common with extraintestinal ameobiasis? | Liver and lungs (starts in liver and goes to lungs by spreading from liver to diaphragm) |
| What is the treatment for extraintestinal ameobiasis? | Not really curable but the drug listed is metronidazole |
| Name a ciliated ameoba | Balantidium coli |
| Reservoir for balantidium coli (3) (*main reservoir but does not exist in USA) | Swine*, Monkeys and Humans |
| How is balantidium coli spread? | Fecal oral route |
| Mastigophoras are _____ and will always exist in the ___ state | 1. Flagellates 2. Trophozoite |
| Name 2 mastigophoras | 1. Trichomonas vaginalis 2. Giardia lamblia |
| Trichomoinonas vaginalis is an ___ | STD |
| Trichomonas vaginal only exists in the ___ stage therefor it never ___ | 1. Trophozoite stage 2. Cysts |
| T or F: Trichomonas vaginalis can be symptomatic or asymptomatic | Sure can |
| Trichomonas vaginalis: Symptoms in men | Urethritis and prostitis |
| Trichomonas vaginalis: Symptoms in woman | Scant watery discharge, itching, burning painful urination |
| Giardia lamblia aka what? Most common contaminent of what? | 1. Beaver fever 2. Water |
| Which is an intestinal parasite: Trichomonas vaginalis or Giardia lamblia? Where is the other located? | 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Urogenital tract (Trichomonas vaginalis) |
| Giardia lamblia typically exists in the non cyst form therefor it is a ____ (it can exist in cyst form) | Trophozoite |
| Trichomonas vaginalis: can the immune system get rid of it? | Nope! we need anibiotics to get rid of it because our bodies are unable to produce their own |
| Clinical condition associated with giardia lamblia | Giardiasis |
| Giardiasis symptoms | Diarrhea, EXCESSIVE GAS (both you and ross have it) and Steatorrhea |
| Typically how many stools samples do we take to diagnose giardiasis? | 3 |
| Hemoflagellates - Trypanosomes: what are the 3 developmental forms | 1. Trypomastigote 2. Promastigote 3. Amastigote |
| Trypanosoma brucei gambiense cause what? | African sleeping sickness |
| The vector for african sleeping sickness is what? | Tsetse fly |
| Following the infected bite of the tsetse fly, what will apear? | Trypanosomal chancre |
| When does african sleeping sickness become an issue? | Once the organism crosses the BBB |
| So once the organism crosses the BBB, it's a quick, painless death, right? | Fuck no! takes 7 years and you slowly dwindle down to nothing |
| Something you may need to associate with african sleeping sickness | Winterbottom's sign |
| Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is a more virulent form of what? 2. vector and reservoir | 1. Trypanosomiasis 2. Vector = tsetse fly (the fucker) Reservoir = cattle and wild animals |
| How do you prevent Trpanosoma brucei rhodesiense? | Don't get bitten by the fly! |
| Try[anosoma cruzi cause's what? | Chagas' disease |
| Chagas's disease aka what? | American trypanosomiasis |
| American trypanosomiasis vector = ? aka what? | Reduviid bug aka kissing bug |
| American trypanosomiasis: found where | Southern USA, Central and south america |
| American trypanosomiasis: Reservoir | Rodent, opposums and our friends the armadillos |
| What is the major diffrence between American trypanosomiasis and the other Trypanosoma? | We can build an immune response to American trypanosomiasis while we can't to the others |
| Clinical presentation for American trypanosomiasis | Romana's sign |
| Leishmania spp: vector | Sand fly |
| Clinical conditions associated with Leishmania spp | 1. Visceral Leishmania 2. Cutaneous Leishmania 3. Mucocutaneous or naso-oral Leishmania |
| Visceral Leishmania aka what? (2) | Kala-azar or dum-dum fever |
| Cutaneous Leishmania aka what? (2) | BAGHDAD BOIL, oriental sore or Delhi boil |
| Where is Leishmania spp found? | Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal and Sudan |
| Which form of Leishmania spp is more vicious? | Visceral Leishmania |
| What is black water fever? | Malaria |
| What genus do we find in the sporozoa class? | Plasmodium |
| Plasmodium: vector and reservoir | Vector = Female mosquitoes (anopheles spp) Reservoir = Female mosquitoes, humans and animals |
| Plasmodium causes what? | Malaria |
| Malaria starts where and then goes where? | Starts in the liver and goes into the blood stream |
| The most predominant malarial parasite is what? | Plasmodium vivax |
| After the mosquito injects you with Plasmodium, how long before you are officially ingfected? | 30 minutes |
| Talk about the duration and the severity of Plasmodium vivax | Generally mild with occasional relapses over a 5 to 7 year periode |
| Where do you find Plasmodium Ovale? | South america and asia |
| Talk about the duration and the severity of Plasmodium Ovale | Mild, low grade infection...can be persistent but can also spontaneously disappear |
| Clinical condition associated with Talk about the duration and the severity of Plasmodium Malaria | Malarial malaria |
| Which form of plasmodium attacks immature RBCs? Mature RBCs? | Mature = Plasmodium Malariae Immature = Plasmodium ovale |
| 95% of all malarial deaths are attributed to which form? | E. Plasmodium falciparum |
| Actually, Blackwater fever is what? | E. Plasmodium falciparum |
| Why is it called blackwater Fever? | You get blood in the urine (hemoglobinuria) which causes your urine to look black |
| Why is E. plasmodium falciparum so deadly? | Lysis all your RBCs (mature and immature) |
| Clinical conditions associated with E. plasmodium falciparum (eff this noise!) | 1. severe malaria 2. Cerebral malaria 3. Hyperparasitemia 4. Hemoglobinuria 5. Severe anemia 6. Coagulation abnormalities 7. Cadiovascular collapse 8. Pulmonary edema and Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) |
| Toxoplasma gondii: Who's the host? How do humans contract it? | 1. Hena (domestic cat) 2. Cleaning the kitty litter |
| Toxoplasma gondii is especially dangerous for who? | 1. ***Pregnant woman and fetus (crosses the placenta) 2. AIDS and the immunosuppressed |
| Is it common for the fetuses to contract toxoplasma gondii? | Yep- 5 to 10% of total births |
| Trematodes aka what? | Flukes |
| Most flukes are ____. Only exception. | Hemaphroditics --- Schistosomes |
| A fluke larva (once the fluke hatches out of the egg) is called a ____ | Mircadidium |
| A second stage fluke larva is called a what? | Cercaria |
| Cercariae have 3 diffrent ways of infecting us | 1. Penetrate directly into the skin of the host. 2. Penetrate and insect or fish then it gets into us through a bite or by eating the fish 3. Attaches to vegetation then we eat it. |
| Using your knowledge of the previous card, cercariae can therefor use ___ hosts | Intermediate |
| Where do flukes like to hang out in our bodies? | Blood, liver, lungs and intestines |
| Opisthorchis sinensis aka what | Chinese liver fluke (or liver fluke) |
| How do we get Opisthorchis sinensis, the liver fluke? | Ingesting raw or undercooked FRESHWATER fish |
| Do flukes hang out in the ocean? | Hell no! |
| Opisthorchis sinensis, aka liver fluke, life span | 20 to 50 years...producing up to 2000 eggs a day...eep |
| Opisthorchis sinensis reservoir | Raw fish eating mamals such as dogs, cats, humans, etc |
| Primary vector for flukes | Snails (mollusks) |
| Are there flukes in the USA? | Typically not (a few exceptions)! we don't have the right kind of snail |
| Flasciolopsis buski aka what? | Giant intestinal fluke |
| How do humans get Flasciolopsis buski? | Ingest fresh water veggies or fish that are infected with the cercaria |
| What type of immune response is triggered by Flasciolopsis buski? | Eosinophils are called into action |
| Paragonimus westermani aka what? | Lung fluke |
| Paragonimus westermani can be found where? | One of the exceptions : Eastern and mid-west USA |
| Paragonimus westermani can be confused with what? Why? | 1. TB 2. The sputum is a reddish color (the eggs give it this color) |
| What color is the sputum in Paragonimus westermani? | Redish or rust colored |
| Schistosomes aka what? | Blood flukes |
| How many species of blood fluke parasitize humans? | 3 |
| Where are blood flukes found? | Tropics |
| What was the key feature of schistosomes not to forget? | The are NOT hermaphroditic |
| The males carries the female in it's ventral groove...what am I talking about? | Schistosomes |
| We get schistosomes by ingesting fish contanimated with these guys, right? | Nope, the buggers penetrate the human's skin directly |
| Adult schistosomes can live how long? | 30 years |
| How do schistosomes evade our immune system? | They cover themselves with our blood proteins and go undetected |
| Schistosoma mansoni: found where? | Africa, saudi arabia, madagascar and south america |
| What likes to hang out in out inferior mesenteric vein? How about the superior mesenteric? | 1. Schistosoma mansoni 2. Schistosoma japonicum |
| How do we detect schistosoma mansoni? | Stool sample |
| Schistosoma japonicum: 1. Found where? 2. Reservoir | 1. China, Japan, Philipines 2. Domestic animals |
| 1. How do we detect schistosma japonicum? 2. Appearance of patient | 1. Stool sample 2. Distended belly |
| Schistosoma haematobium: 1. Reservoir 2. How do we detect it? 3. Where are the eggs laid? | 1. Wild animals 2. Urine! not stool sample 3. Bladder wall |
| Orgamism responsible for "male menstruation" | Schistosoma Haematobium... you get blood in the urine |
| Condition associated with non-human pathogenic schistosomes. aka what? | Schistosomal dermatitis aka swimmers itch |
| non-human pathogenic schistosomes: how does it get into our system? Why is it not a permanent infection? | 1. Penetrates the skin 2. Humans are not considered a host for this organism |
| Cestodes aka | Tapeworms |
| Cestode body consists of an anterior attachement organ called a ___, follwed by a group of ____. | 1. Scolex 2. Proglottids |
| A series of proglottids are called what? | Strobila |
| What is critical about getting rid of cestodes? | Need to get rid of the scolex... if you get rid of the entire body and the head remains, it will regrow |
| What type of treatment to you give to get rid of a tapeworm? | Anthelimintic |
| Proglottids look like what? | Rice |
| Taenia solium aka what? | Pork tapeworm |
| Hosts for taenia solium | Humans or pigs |
| Intermediate host for taenia solium | Humans |
| Taenia solium : 1. Life span 2. Found where? | 1. 25 years 2. Mexico, Central America, Central Europe (no longer a problem in the US) |
| How does taenia solium mess you up? | Makes a bunch of holes in your muscles |
| The larval for of taenia solium is called what? aka what? | 1. Cycticercus 2. Bladder worm (cause they look like a bladder) |
| Bladder worm may ___ in muscle without any symptoms | Calcify |
| Is taenia solium migratory? | Hell yes |
| Taenia saginata aka what? Is it migratory? | 1. Beef tapeworm 2. Hell no |
| What is the intermediate host in Taenia saginata? | Cows...cook your beef people!! |
| Echinococcus granulosus aka what? Causes what? | 1. Minute tapeworm 2. Hydatid disease |
| Echinococcus granulosus (minute tapeworm): Who is the intermediate host? Who is the reservoir? | 1. Man 2. DOGS and sheep |
| So, people who get Echinococcus granulosus are usually in what profession? | Sherpards |
| The embryo of Echinococcus granulosus develops slowly where? What does it produce? | 1. Liver or lungs 2. Hydatid cysts |
| The most common tapeworm in North America aka what? | 1. Hymenolepsis nana 2. Dwarf tapeworm |
| Hymenolepsis nana: common parasite of who (or what)? | 1. Mouse 2. Grain beetle |
| How do we get Hymenolepsis nana? | Ingest the dropping of the mouse or grain beetle |
| T or F: the immune system can take care of Hymenolepsis nana | yep |
| What is the longest, biggest human tapeworm? | Diphyllobothrium latum (can grow upwards of 30 feet!!!) |
| Diphyllobothrium latum aka what? | Broad fish tapeworm |
| Diphyllobothrium latum can cause what? why? | 1. Normochromic macrocytic anemia 2. Tapeworm sucks up all the B12 |
| Diphyllobothrium latum: Reservoir | Wild animals that eat the infected fish |
| Diphyllobothrium latum: occurs where | Scandinavia, finland, alaska, minnesota CANANDA AND MICHIGHAN! ha |
| Diphyllobothrium latum: why is it so bad? | Well, you need B12 to make DNA... |
| Nematodes: aka | Roundworms |
| Nematodes: migratory? | yes |
| I hate to do this... life cycle of a nematode (this is why they are migratory) | Comes in our body, migrates in the blood, gets to the lungs, matures and molts, we spit them up (acid reflux) or poop them out, reingest them, they make a beeline for the intestines and go haywire |
| Aascaris lumbtricoides aka | Large intestinal round worms |
| Aascaris lumbtricoides: found where | Poorly sanitized areas...including in the US |
| Aascaris lumbtricoides: they are ___ specific...what does this mean? | 1. Species 2. If a dog gets them, you can't contract them from the dog...must be contracted from another human |
| Most common helminth parasite of those temperate regions where sanitation is at a HIGH level? | Enterbius vermicularis (common in USA) |
| Enterbius vermicularis: aka what? | Pin worm |
| Enterbius vermicularis: in what physical location does it manifest itself? and in who? | Anorectal folds or viganial fold of children |
| Enterbius vermicularis: key word to associate | Itchy butt! |
| Enterbius vermicularis: how do we get infected? | Ingest the worm, migrates to our intestines, pass out the anus. "Once outside the anus, the female worms dry and literally explode, releasing masses of eggs" Fucking gross |
| Occurs when the embryonated eggs hatch in the perianal folds, the the larvae migrate back into the rectum and large intestine where they mature | Retroflexion |
| Enterbius vermicularis: ____ outbreaks are very common | Familial (the bugger gets everywhere...clothes, bedding, etc) |
| Clinical condition associated with Enterbius vermicularis | Rectal Pruritus ( hypersensivity to the excretions of the worms) |
| Who was the guy that invented the test fort Enterbius vermicularis | Graham...the test is called the Graham technique |
| Enterbius vermicularis: easly treatable? | Yes, thank god. But the whole familly is usually treated because it's usually all over the house! |
| Stronglyoides stercoralis aka? | Threadworm |
| Stronglyoides stercoralis: eggs, larva and life cycle similar to what? | Hookworm |
| Stronglyoides stercoralis: Reservoir | Humans or pigs |
| Stronglyoides stercoralis: Infection larva is called a what? Non-infectious? | 1. Infectious = Filariform 2. Non-infectious = rhbditiform |
| Talk about how they get in and out of the body | 1. they penetrate the skin, migrate through the lungs settle in SI 2. "showers of worms" are expelled in feces |
| Why is it so har to get rid of Stronglyoides stercoralis? | You are constantly re-infecting yourself (auto-infection) |
| Hookworms : how many species like humans? Name them | 1. two 2. Anclylostoma duodenale and Necator Americanus |
| Anclylostoma duodenale: aka what? | Old worm hookworm |
| Which is bigger: Anclylostoma duodenale or Necator Americanus? | Anclylostoma duodenale |
| What does Anclylostoma duodenale eventually cause? | Anemia (microcytic hypochromic) |
| Why does Anclylostoma duodenale and Necator Americanus for that matter, cause anemia? | They suck your blood |
| Anclylostoma duodenale: infection persists for how long if untreated? | 6-8 years... if you don't keel over |
| Anclylostoma duodenale goes through a ____ and ___ larval stage | Filariform and Rhabditiform |
| Only hookworm found in north america? | Necator Americanus |
| Necator Americanus: particullarly found where? | Southern US |
| Word to associate with Necator Americanus | Ground itch |
| What would you see in the blood test of someone infected with Necator Americanus? | skyrocketting Eosinophils |
| Cutaneous larva migrants aka | Dog hookworm |
| Trichuris tichiura aka | Whip worm |
| Trichinella spiralis is a what? | Hookworm |
| Trichinella spiralis is of clinical importance because of its ____ phase | Tissue phase |
| Trichinella spiralis: common parasite of what? | Rats, pigs, bears |
| Trichinella spiralis: primary pathological effect | Destruction of striated muscle |
| Prevention of Trichinella spiralis | Cook your pork |
| Name a few filariae | 1. Wuchereia bancrofti 2. Loa loa 3. Onchocera volvulus 4. Dracunculus medinensis |
| Wuchereia bancrofti: 1. Vector 2. Clinical conditions (3) | 1. Mosquito 2. Filariasis, ELEPHANTOID FEVER (elephantitis), Lymphangitis |
| Loa loa: 1. aka what? 2. Reservoir 3. Vector | 1. African eye worm 2. Monkeys 3. Mango fly (chrysops) |
| Why is loa loa called affrican eye worm? | Because the worm migrates across the eye |
| Onchocera volvulus: 1. Causes what? 2. Vector 3. found where? | 1. River blindness 2. Black fly or buffalo fly 3. Central africa, guatemala, venezuela, columbia |
| Dracunculus medinensis: 1.aka what 2. how do we prevent infection? 3. Once infected, how do you pull the worm out? | 1. Guinea worm 2. The organism is big enough that a net filter will work 3. Gently tug it out and wind it around a twig |
| Warts are what type of virus? | Papillomavirus |
| How many diffrent strains of papillomavirus' are known to man? | over 100 |
| HVP (human papillomavirus) can be devided into 2 groups | 1. Cutaneous (these are called warts) 2. Mucosal HPV (These are called papillomas) |
| Mucusal HPV can be fouond where? | Genital, oral and eye |
| So, over 100 strains known to man: how many are STDs? | 30 |
| T or F: all HPV are STDs | no you idiot |
| Are HPV related to STDs common? | yep! 6.2 million get infected every year |
| How are woman tested for HPV? Men? | 1. Pap test 2. No tests available for men |
| Can HPV result in cancer? | It can but it is rare... very, very slow growth |
Created by:
LrB
Popular Biology sets