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Biol 104 Ch 6
Campbell Biology in Focus
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Catabolic pathways | metabolic reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into more simple ones |
| Anabolic pathways | metabolic reactions that use energy to build more complicated molecules from smaller ones |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe because a large portion of the energy is lost as heat |
| Exergonic | a reaction with a net release of energy |
| Endergonic | a reaction with a net input of energy |
| ATP | acts as the immediate source of energy to power cellular work |
| Enzyme | a protein that acts as a catalyst, speeding up a reaction by lowering its activation energy, but not actually being consumed by the overall reaction |
| Substrate | the chemical that an enzyme acts upon |
| Active Site | a specific region of an enzyme where catalysis occurs. It's shape is determined by the four levels of structure of the enzyme, and can be altered by changes in temperature and pH. |
| Competitive inhibitor | a chemical that binds to an enzyme’s active site, blocking the normal substrate |
| Non-competitive inhibitor | a chemical that binds to an enzyme in a location other than the active site, changing the overall shape thus making the active site not available to the normal substrate |
| Feedback inhibition | a type of metabolic control in which the pathway is halted by the binding of its end product, to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway |
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