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Microbio Lecture 4

Microbiology Lecture 4

QuestionAnswer
Composition of microbial cell - 70% water - 30% macromolecules
Macromolecules (22%) consist of: - Proteins - Nucleic Acids - Polysaccharides - Lipids - Smaller amounts of vitamins
Element and Trace Element Composition - C (50%) - O (20%) - N (12%) - H (10%) Trace Elements- Na, Ca, K, Mn, Mg
Proteins: composition of microbial cell and function - 55% of the dry weight of the microbial cell - functions: catalysis, transport, motion, structure (peptidoglycan), toxins, messengers/receptors, ion binding
Composition of Proteins - polymers of amino acids - 20 different amino acids - except for proline all amino acids have an amino group and a carboxy group - amino acids are linked via the peptide bond. This is a linkage b/n the carboxy grp & the amino grp of adjoining amino ac
Peptide Linkages - di peptide= 2 amino acids linked via a peptide bond - polypeptide= many amino acids linked via peptide bonds - peptides have a N terminal and a C terminal end - peptide bonds form via a condensation rxn which releases water
Protein Structure Primary: amino acids sequence Secondary: configuration of the molecule the rest of H bonding. Beta sheets (silk) and Alpha helices (wool/collagen) Tertiary: 3D shape of the molecule Quaternary: polypeptide chains linked together as a unit, hemoglobin
Nucleic Acids - DNA - RNA - Each consists of a 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphates
DNA - Pentose sugar: deoxyribose - Nitrogenous bases: Pyrimidines- Thymine and Cytosine Purines- Adenine and Guanine - A:T, C:G - directionality, DNA diameter (20A), 1 complete turn (34A), 10pb/turn, Codon (bp)
RNA - Pentose Sugar: robose - Nitrogenous Base: Uracil replaces Thymine - Single Stranded, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA - Polysistronic - 3 tpyes of rRNA in bacteria: 16s rRNA (1540 bp)
Carbohydrates - carbon and energy currency of the cell - monosaccharides (glucose) - disaccharides (sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactose, dextrose) - polysaccharides: up to 1000 repeating sugars. Polymers of glucose molecules linked via beta 1,4 bonds
Lipids - organic molecules that are insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar solvents such as acetone - 3 forms: neutral fats, phospholipids (ester linkages, 3 fatty acids, glycerol grp) and steroids - important for structural component of membranes
Created by: clewis3
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