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BJU Biology Ch 10

BJU Biology 4th Edition - Chapter 10

TermDefinition
antibiotic A chemical produced by living organisms that naturally kills or inhibits the growth of other organisms.
antibody A protein substance produced to eliminate antigens that have entered the body.
bacillus A rod-shaped bacterium.
bacteria Microscopic single-celled organisms lacking a distinct nucleus are known as bacteria. They may be shaped like spheres, rods, or spirals. They inhabit virtually all environments, including soil, water, organic matter, and the bodies of animals.
bacteriophage A virus that parasitizes a bacterial cell.
binary fission A method of asexual reproduction in which the nuclear material is copied and the parent cell divides into two equal cells.
capsid The outer covering of a virus; made from protein.
capsule A cellular secretion surrounding certain algae and bacteria.
chemosynthetic Synthesis of organic compounds (as in living cells) by energy derived from inorganic chemical reactions
clinically dead The state of an individual who shows no brain waves for 24-48 hours.
coccus A spherical bacterium.
conjugation A temporary union of two organisms or cells for the one-way transfer of genetic material; type of sexual reproduction.
cyanobacteria Any of a major group (Cyanobacteria) of photosynthetic bacteria that are single-celled but often form colonies in the form of filaments, sheets, or spheres and are found in diverse environments (such as salt and fresh water, soils, and on rocks).
decomposer organism An organism that breaks down dead organic matter into forms that can be used by other organisms.
disease Any change, except for those caused by injuries, that affects an organism's normal function.
disorder disorder
emerging virus A virus that moves from one species of host to an unrelated species, causing a new viral disease in the new host.
endospore An asexual spore that forms within a bacterium.
envelope A membrane-like structure that forms an outer covering on some kinds of viruses.
fever Elevated body temperature.
filament A chain of cells.
A chain of cells. The science of aging.
infectious disease infectious disease
inflammation The reaction of tissues to injury or infection; characterized by increased blood flow, redness, pain and swelling.
The reaction of tissues to injury or infection; characterized by increased blood flow, redness, pain and swelling. A protein substance or substances produced by cells exposed to viruses; acts to slow the spread of a virus.
Koch's Postulates A set of laws developed by Robert Koch to conclusively determine the cause of a disease.
lysogenic cycle The process in which a virus remains latent in cells but spreads by becoming part of the host cell genome. Factors may then trigger these viruses to become lytic.
lytic cycle The sequence of events whereby a virus replicates within a cell and eventually destroys the cell.
nucleoid region A non-membrane-bound mass of DNA and proteins in a prokaryotic cell.
parasitic Bacteria that fed on another living host.
pathogen An agent that causes disease.
prion An abnormal form of protein found in some cells and linked to disease.
retrovirus A special type of RNA virus that contains the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
saprophytic Relationship in which an organism obtains its nourishment from dead organic matter.
spirillum spirillum
toxin A poisonous substance produced by a bacterium, another microorganism, or a plant or animal cell.
transformation The genetic change that occurs when DNA from one bacterium is taken up through the membrane of another bacterium.
vaccination A method of exposing a person to a controlled amount of a disease-causing factor to develop an immunity.
viroid A short, single strand of circular RNA that has no capsid or envelope yet is still able to replicate once inside a host.
virus A submicroscopic, noncellular particle, composed of a nucleic acid core and a protein coat called the capsid; and obligate parasite.
Created by: marchscience
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