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Rocks

QuestionAnswer
Rock Cycle Process by which all rocks are formed and how basic Earth materials are recycled.
Igneous Rock Formed from molten rock that cools and hardens either below or on the Earth’s surface (crystallization of magma/lava.)
Extrusive Igneous Rock Fine-grained or glassy textured igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth’s surface. They have small or non-existent crystals. Examples are: pumice, obsidian, and basalt.
Pumice Has holes caused by trapped gasses. Bubbles formed when lava cooled and hardened quickly trapping the gasses (called vesicles).
Intrusive Igneous Rock Coarse-grained igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s surface. Crystals are larger and the texture of the rock is coarse. Example: Granite
Sedimentary Rock Formed from the cementing of sediment. Most are formed in lakes, rivers, or oceans.
Sedimentary rock formation Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, and Cementation
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Made up of fragments of other rocks. Examples include: conglomerate (large grained), sandstone (medium grained), and shale (fine grained).
Non Clastic - Organic Sedimentary Rock Remains of once living things. Ex: Limestone - forms as ocean organisms die & deposit Coal- decay of plant material (carbon)
Non Clastic - Evaporites Sedimentary Rock (Chemical) Dissolved minerals precipitate from water then settle & layer. Examples are calcite, halite, gypsum
Fossils Found in sedimentary rock.
Metamorphic Rock Forms when any rock is changed by the effects of heat, pressure, or chemical action. **Only partial melting**
Foliated Metamorphic Rock High pressure creates parallel bands of different minerals (appears layered) Example: slate, gneiss, schist.
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock Have little or no banding/layering. Example: quartzite, marble
Shale (sedimentary) Metamorphosed into Slate
Granite (igneous) Metamorphosed into Gneiss
Sandstone (sedimentary) Metamorphosed into Quartzite
Limestone (sedimentary) Metamorphosed into Marble
Created by: jadams2021
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