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Science Chapter 2
Study guide for Chapter 2 of Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | Is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface |
| Stress | A force that acts on rock to change it's shape or volume |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions |
| Tension | Pulls on the crust stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| Compression | Squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| Deformation | Any change in the volume or shape of Earth 's crust |
| Fault | Is a break in Earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other |
| Strike Slip fault | Shearing creates strike slip faults |
| Normal fault | Tension forces in Earth's crust cause normal faults |
| Hanging Wall | The half that lies above |
| Footwall | The half of that lies below |
| Reverse fault | Compression forces produce reverse faults |
| Fault Block Mountain | When normal faults uplift a block of rock a fault block mountain forms |
| Folds | Are bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of the Earth crust |
| Anticline | A fold in rock that bends upwards into an arch |
| Syncline | A fold in rock bends downward in the middle to form a bowl |
| Plateau | The forces that raise mountains can also raise plateaus |
| If Plate motion compresses part of the crust what landforms will form there in millions of years | Islands and continents |
| Seismic Waves | Are vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
| P Waves | Are earthquake waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordian |
| S Waves | Are earthqukake waves that vibrate side to side as well as up and down |
| Seismograph | Records the ground movements cause by seismic waves |
| Magnitude | Is a measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults |
| Mercalli Scale | Was developed to rate the earthquake intensity |
| Richter Scale | is a rating of the size of seismic waves as measured by a particular type of mechanical seismograph |
| Moment Magnitude System | a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake |
| Describe how energy released at an earthquake focus deep inside Earth can cause damage on the surface many kilometers from the epicenter | Because it could be way more powerful away from the epicenter instead of be right near it |
| Liquefaction | Occurs when an earthquake's violent shaking suddenly turns loose soft soil into liquid mud |
| Aftershock | Is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area |
| Tsunamis | If the earthquake is strong enough the water displaced by the quake forms a large waves |
| Base isolated building | A building designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake |
| You are a builder planning a housing development where earthquakes are likely. what types of land would you avoid for your development where it would be safe to build | Big rocky areas |
| Why can't scientists predict the exact time and place an earthquake is going to occur | Because all of the Seismograph stations may have a delay |
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