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bio211-11 chp19
respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define basic anatomy of the respiratory system # | lungs and passageways leading out of them |
| what are the functions of the respiratory system | gas exchange, pH balance, filters, warms, humidifies air, produces voice, role in sense of smell |
| Respiration is the process of.. # | Exchange of O2 & CO2 between the atmosphere and body cells. |
| name the 4 events of respiration from the outside to inner most parts of the body # | ventilation, external, internal, cellular |
| define ventilation respiration # | movement of O2 & CO2 in and out of lungs |
| define external respiration # | movement of O2 & CO2 from lungs into the bloodstream |
| define internal respiration # | movement of O2 & CO2 between bloodstream and body cells |
| define cellular respiration # | process where body breaks down O2 and releases CO2 as a biproduct |
| what does the cells breakdown for use as energy # | O2, glucose, fats, and proteins |
| define the upper respiratory system # | nose, sinuses, pharynx |
| define the lower respiratory system # | larnyx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| what is a Deviated septum? # | shifting of the nasal septum left or right Sx: snoring, and sleep apnea. Makes breathing more difficult |
| Define Respiratory mucosa # | mucous membrane, opens to outside, ciliated, vascular it cleans, humidifies, and warms air during ventilation. |
| nose bleeds occur because or as a result of: # | safety valve for blood psi, trauma, irritation of lining (dry air, drugs) Tx: psi on nose, cauterize |
| define sinuses # | air filled spaces in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones. Functions in sound resonance, decrease weight of skull, filtering air. |
| Define the Pharynx # | commonly called the throat, funtions as passageway for air and food, plays a role in sound resonance |
| List the 3 parts of the Pharynx # | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx |
| Define the Larynx # | commonly called the voice box, lined w/ mucosa, has intrinsic m. to help with voice production, and extrinsic m. to help w/ swallowing |
| What is the largest Part of the Larynx, and what is it made of # | the Thyroid, also called the adams apple, it is made of hyaline cartilage |
| what is the epiglottis, and what does it do? # | cartilage flap over the larynx that acts as a oneway valve to prevent liquid and solids from entering the trachea |
| what is the trachea # | commonly called the windpipe, apx 4.5" long composed of alternating smooth m. & c-shaped rings |
| what does the smooth m. and C-shaped rings do for the trachea # | smooth m. helps anchor the C-shaped rings, the rings keep the trachea from collapsing, and are c shaped to allow movement of the esophagus, which lies posterior to the trachea |
| what is endotracheal intubation # | a tube put into the trachea to allow passage of air for a collasped part of the airway passage. |
| what is tracheostomy # | performed by puncturing the trachea below an obstruction, that would normally take to long to Tx in time to give air to the Pt. |
| List the bronchial trees: # | Primarary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, aleolar ducts, alveoli sacs |
| what is asthma # | smooth m. of bronchioles spasm, constricts airway, Tx: breathing treatments, inhalers, pursing lips when breathing |
| what is epinephrine # | adrenaline, increases heart rate, and blood sugar |
| what is the hilus or hilum # | each lung has this curve on dorsal side, it is where pulmonary vessesls, and bronchi go into and out of the lungs |
| what/where is the base of the lung # | bottom of lung resting on diaphragm |
| what/where is the apex of the lung # | pointed top of the lung |
| what/where is the costal surface of the lung # | part of the lung that rests on the rib cage |
| where are the oblique fissures of the lung # | one of L and the most inferior one on R seperates the lobes |
| where is the horizontal fissure # | seperates the superior and middle lobes on R lung |
| what is the Pleuri # | membranes found in the Thoracic cavity |
| what is the Pleurae # | more than one pleuri |
| what is periatial pleurae # | covers wall of thoracic cavity |
| what is visceral pleurae # | covers organ |
| what is the pleural space # | potential space between periatal and visceral membranes |
| what is pleural fluid # | serous fluid that lubricates between pleural membranes |
| what is normal breathing rate # | 12-20 bpm |
| exchange of gases between atmosphere and bloodvessels happens because of... # | pressure gradient, which is created by lung expanding and collapsing |
| what is Boyle's law # | volume and pressue are inversly proportional |
| when the lungs are at rest what happens to the pressure differances between lung and atmosphere # | the pressure are equal |
| what is surfactant # | is a lipoprotein secreted by the alveoli to counteract surface tension |
| pneumothorax | air as entered the thoracic cavity, mainly caused by trauma to the external wall of thorax, but also from diseases which can destroy lung tissues and leak air internally into thoracic space |
| define tidal volume | resting volume of air taken in and out in one cycle usually about 500ml |
| define 6 nonrespiratory air movements | coughing, sneezing, laughing ,hiccuping, yawning, speech. |
| control of breathing can be involuntary or voluntary? | both, during sleep or when at a deep rest involutary m. take of rythm of breathing, during episode of needed O2 we can control our m. volunarialy |
| where are the respiratory areas of the brain | in the brainstem, pons, and medulla, impulses travel via the cranialn and spinal n. |
| what can affect breathing? | Pco2, Po2, emotional state degree of stretched lung tissue, level of physical activity |
| overinflation of lungs can cause a the lungs to... | a reflex to prevent the lungs from overinflation called hering-breuer reflex |
| how does the emotional state affect breathing? | depression can lead to lower bpm, happiness can increase bpm. |
| how does Pco2 and Po2 affect breathing? | the body monitors co2 and H+ levels and adjusts breathing rate to allow more o2 if needed. |
Created by:
heatxfer
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