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NAU Micro 11 & 12
NAU Eukaryotic Microorganisms & Parasites; Sterile & Disinfect
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name Eukaryotic cells: | One-celled organisms: Algae, Protozoa and Yeast. Multi-celled organisms: Helminthes and Molds |
| Provide 3 other contributions Pasteur provided: | 1. Developed technique of pasteurization to kill unwanted microorganisms 2. Association of specific organisms with particular |
| Give Koch's Postulates: | 1.Microbemust b present n everycaseof diseasebutabsentfromhealthyorganisms 2.Suspectedmicrobemust bisolated&grown n pureculture 3.Same disease mustresult when isolatedmicrobeisinnoculatedinto healthyhost 4.Samemicrobe must b isolated againfromdiseasedhost |
| The study of protozoa, helminths, and arthropods that live at the expense of other organisms. | Parasitology |
| An organism that lives at the expense of another organism called a host | Parasite |
| Lives on the surface of other organisms Ex: ticks, lice | Ectoparasites |
| Lives within the bodies of other organisms Ex: protozoa and worms | Endoparasites |
| Spends at least some of their life cycle in or on a host Ex: in human red blood cells | Obligate Parasites |
| Normally free living such as soil fungi, but can obtain nutrients from a host as well. Ex: fungi-skin disease | Facultative Parasites |
| Remains in a host once they have invaded it. Ex: Tapeworm | Permanent Parasites |
| Feed on and then leaves their hosts. Ex: Biting insects- mosquito | Temporary Parasites |
| The parasite that also has parasites | Hyperparasitism |
| Types of parasites: | Ectoparasites, Endoparasites, Obligate Parasites, Facultative Parasites, Permanent Parasites, Temporary Parasites, Hyperparasitism |
| An organism that transfers a parasite to a new host, doesn't make you sick but will pass parasites to you | Vector |
| A vector in which the parasite goes through part of its life cycle. Ex: Virus in a mosquito | Biological Vector |
| A vector in which the parasite does not go through any part of its life cycle during transit. Ex: Fly with bacteria on feet, lands on food, you later ingest, passing bacteria to you | Mechanical Vector |
| Where the microorganism maintains its ability to infect | Host |
| Types of hosts: | Definitive host, Intermediate host, Reservoir host |
| Harbors a parasite while it reproduces sexually inside of you | Definitive host |
| Harbors a parasite during some other developmental stage | Intermediate host |
| Are infected organisms that make parasites available for transmission to other hosts, (typically wild or domestic animals for human parasitic diseases) | Reservoir host |
| A series of changes in the growth & development of an organism from inception to a state of maturity | Life Cycle |
| The Anopheles mosquito with malaria is this | Both a host and a biological vector |
| Parasitic Defenses: | Encystment, Immunological Challenges, Host Cell Invasions |
| The formation of an outer covering that protects against unfavorable environmental conditions. A helminth will undergo this. | Encystment |
| Changes their surface antigens faster than a host can make new antibodies. Causes the host's immune system to make antibodies that cannot react with the parasite's antigens | Immunological Challenges |
| Invades a host cell where the immune system cannot reach them. | Host Cell Invasions |
| A parasite that destroys its host also does what? | Destroys its own means of support, ultimately killing the parasite |
| What damage can parasites do? | Nutritional Deprivation, Direct Trauma/Obstruction, Inflammation |
| Triggers severe inflammatory and immunological reactions due to toxins from dead worms | Inflammation |
| Causes open sores on skin, destroys cells in tissues and organs, clogs and damages blood vessels and may even cause internal hemorrhages | Direct Trauma/Obstruction |
| Unicellular, Eukaryotic and some so tiny they develop in salivary glands of insects & some can be seen with the naked eye | Protozoa/Protists |
| Plant-like Protozoa | Algae |
| Animal-like protozoa: | Mastigophorans, Amebozoa, Ciliates |
| Caused by mastigophorans and causes diarrhea. Is here in Kansas and Missouri | Giardia sp. |
| Caused by amebozoa from improperly or unfiltered water | Dysentery |
| Brain eating amoeba | Naegleria Fowleri |
| Second largest infectious disease in the world. Is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, later remains latent in the liver | Malaria |
| Types of Vectors: | Biological and Mechanical Vectors |
| Is single-celled and multicellular, helps produce antibiotics | Fungi |
| The study of fungi: | Mycology |
| Importance of fungi: | Decomposers, Antibiotic Producers, Pathogens |
| Causes upper respiratory issues and in severe cases, pneumonia | Aspergillus sp. |
| Causes ringworm: | Micsporum sp. and Trichphyton sp. |
| Parasitic worm | Heelminth |
| Types of helminths: | Flatworms, Tapeworms, Roundworms, Hookworms, Pinworms |
| Type of worm that grows in small intestines, can grow to be up to 8 feet | Tapeworm |
| Is a flat & leaflike worm | Flatworm |
| Is a type of flatworm that causes liver damage from eating raw fish or shellfish | Fluke |
| Most common parasitic disease in the US, comes from undercooked meat | Roundworm |
| The causative agent of this disease is the parasitic roundworm, this disease is not vectored, all life cycles occur in one host, ie, pigs humans and rats | Trichinella Spiralis |
| Itchy butt syndrome | Pinworms |
| Is close to eradication | Guinea worm |
| Is biologically vectored by the mosquito. Mosquito is the intermediate host. The human the definitive host. Creates gross swelling of tissues due to blocked lymph vessels | Wucheria bancrofti the causative agent of Elephantiasis |
| Arthopods | Vectors |
| Has 8 legs Ex: Spiders, Scorpions, ticks and mites | Arachnids |
| Has 6 legs Ex: Lice, Fleas, Flies, Mosquitoes and True bugs | Insects |
| A pair of appendages on each body segment Ex: Crabs, Crayfish, Copepods | Crustaceans |
| Vectors for Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, Typhus fever, Q fever, Lyme's disease, Colorado Fever | Tick |
| This insect can vector protozoa, bacteria, helminths and viruses | Mosquitoes |
| Are the vectors for Relapsing fever, Typhus fever, Trench fever. Disease agents enter the body when its feces are scratched into bite wounds | Lice/Louse |
| Vector for Plague, Tularemia,Scrubs and Murine Typhus fever | Fleas |
| The Reservoir host for the Plague is: | Rodents |
| Mechanical vector of any pathogens found in fleas or dead animals | Housefly |
| The killing or removing of all microorganisms in a material or on an object, includes killing spores. Ex: Auto-claving | Sterilization |
| The reduction of the number of pathogenic microorganisms to the point where they pose no danger of disease, this is done on inanimate objects | Disinfection |
| A chemical agent that can safely be used externally on living tissue to destroy microorganisms or to inhibit their growth | Antiseptic |
| An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria, temporarily denatures protein Ex: Refrigerator | Bacteriostatic Agent |
| An agent that kills bacteria, most agents do not kill spores. Permanently denatures proteins | Bactericide |
| Alteration of a protein structure | Denaturation |
| 2 types of denaturing | Bactericidal & Bacteriostatic |
| This method does not achieve sterility | Pasteurization |
| Physical Antimicrobial Methods | Radiation, Filtration, Refrigeration/Freezing, Dessication, Lysophilization |
| Freeze-drying | Lysophilization |
| Fancy word for for drying | Dessication |
| Can be used to sterilize substances that are destroyed by heat. Separates viruses from bacteria. To collect microorganisms from air & water samples | Filtration |
| Includes alcohols, phenolics-carbolic acid, oxidizers, alkylating agents and dyes | Disinfectants |
Created by:
FKrouse
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