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Minerals

QuestionAnswer
Mineral naturally occurring, inorganic, solid substance with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure
Major elements in Earth's crust Silicon, Oxygen, Aluminum, and Iron
Silicates Most abundant group of minerals. Made of Silicon and Oxygen. Ex: Mica, Quartz, Feldspar
Carbonates Reacts to acid. Made of Carbon and Oxygen. Ex: Calcite and Dolomite
Oxides Composed of oxygen and a metal. Ex: Hematite and Magnetite
Native Elements Made of single elements. Ex: Gold, Silver, and Diamond
How minerals are formed: 1. Crystallization by Cooling of magma 2. Crystallization by elements dissolved in liquids
Mineral test: Color Can be misleading (can vary with the type of impurities)
Mineral test: Streak The color of the powdered form of the mineral. Tools: porcelain tile (streak plate)
Mineral test: Luster How light is reflected from a mineral’s surface. “How shiny it is” Metallic/NonMetallic
Mineral test: Hardness How easily a mineral scratches materials. Tools: Glass, fingernail, penny, steel nail
Cleavage Minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces - weak bonds. Tools: Wedge Ex: Mica
Fracture Minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges. Tools: Hammer
Gems Highly prized minerals because they are rare and beautiful
Ores Minerals that contain a useful substance that can be mined at a profit.
Rock Forming Minerals Feldspar, Quartz, Calcite, and Mica. (make up most rocks)
Created by: jadams2021
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