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chap 2 vocab

TermDefinition
atom 2.1 the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
element 2.1 substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
compound 2.1 substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio.
ion 2.1 atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.
ionic bond 2.1 chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions.
covalent bond 2.1 chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
molecule 2.1 two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound.
hydrogen bond 2.2 attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
cohesion 2.2 attraction between molecules of the same substance.
adhesion 2.2 attraction between molecules of different substance
solution 2.2 mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture.
solvent 2.2 substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution.
solute 2.2 substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than the solvent.
acid 2.2 compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution.
base 2.2 compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution.
pH 2.2 measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution
monomer 2.3 molecular subunit of a polymer.
polymer 2.3 large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers
carbohydrate 2.3 molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches.
lipid 2.3 nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxy- gen; includes fats and oils.
fatty acid 2.3 hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid.
protein 2.3 polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids.
amino acid 2.3 molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
nucleic acid 2.3 polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms
chemical reaction 2.4 process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.
reactant 2.4 substance that is changed by a chemical reaction.
product 2.4 substance formed by a chemical reaction
bond energy 2.4 amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms.
equilibrium 2.4 condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate.
activation energy 2.4 energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction.
exothermic 2.4 chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat.
endothermic 2.4 chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy.
catalyst 2.5 substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction.
enzyme 2.5 protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms.
substrate 2.5 reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts.
Created by: rcolangelo25
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