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Basic Group Norms Embrace thinking and learning Everyone contributes. Be attentive. One voice at a time. Seek first to understand, then to be understood.
Key skills scientists need Communication skills Observation skills Developing Make + Revise Models Making Inferences SOP in Lab
What is “science” Science is learning about the natural world and understanding how everything in the world works and what everything is.
What is “biology” Biology is the study of life and living organisms.
What makes a question, ‘scientific’? Can be answered by an experiment. May lead to a hypothesis. 2 variables A relationship between the I.V and D.V. Must be testable (measurable)
Limitation(s) of science? Science must deal with repeatable results. Must be in reality Assumes natural cause-effect Testable
What is an ‘observation’? An observation is something that is detected or measured directly with one of the senses.
Difference between an observation and an inference Observation = “the sunflower seed is black and white” Inference = “I think the sunflower seed will be white inside” An observation is what you see while an inference is a guess based on what you saw.
Describe the 2 basic types of observations. Quantitative observations always include numbers and/or measurements. Qualitative observations don’t use numbers or measurements. Five senses, sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.
Characteristics provided in any basic data table? D.V. - 3 Trials Levels of Independence I.V. Information on the X-axis and Y-axis MEAN of D.V. Title
Why graphs are also included even though the information may already be available in a data table. Graphs are used to display data because it is easier to see and interpret trends in the data when it is displayed visually.
Basic components provided when examining a line or scatter plot graph? T - Type A - Axis L - Label K - Key I - Intervals and Increments T - Descriptive title U - Units (cm, min, %) P - Points
Methods of determining measures of central tendency Mean - Takes the sum of all the numbers in a data set, and divides it by the number of data points. Median - The middle number if we lined up our data from smallest to largest. Mode - The value that appears the most in our data set.
How does the measure of spread help to explain a data set? It tells us how data is spread around the middle and that lets us know how good the mean, represents the data.
Describes the arrangement (distribution) of that data set. The distribution of a set of data shows the arrangement of data values. It can be described by its center. A listing or function showing all the possible values of the data and how often they occur.
Why are scientific models considered powerful tools? Models can help scientists communicate their ideas, understand processes, test hypotheses, and predict information. They can help explain natural phenomena.
What is the purpose of an explanation? To create explanations for why or how natural phenomena occur.
3 basic requirements of explanations. C: States the proposed answer/idea E: Provide specific evidence/ examples R: Use the evidence to support your reasoning
Biological Levels Most simple Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere Most complex
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