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bio 3/4

plasma membrane

QuestionAnswer
What is the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane? The ability for phospholipids and proteins to move gives the plasma membrane it's fluid nature. The mosaic nature refers to different cells having different mosaic patterns, results of proteins they require for particular functions, heart vs bone cells.
What is the structure of a phospholipid? hydrophilic head (phosphate group and glycerol) hydrophobic tail (two coming out of head)
What is cholesterol and its purpose in the plasma membrane? it is embedded at intervals and alters plasma fluidity, stabilising the membrane making it less soluble to small water-soluble molecules
What are carbohydrates and their purpose in the plasma membrane? They are attached to proteins in the plasma membrane (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids), used for recognition and adhesion between cells.
What is the plasma membrane impermeable to? Impermeable to most water soluble (polar) molecules, ions, large molecules and hydrophilic substances eg, sugar, ions, amino acids.
What are the three types of membrane proteins? Integral proteins are permanent, transmembrane proteins are a type of integral and span both layers. Peripheral proteins are temporary that bind to integral proteins and are used for signalling, communication rather than transport.
What are factors that affect membrane fluidity? Temperature increase, increases fluidity and cholesterol improves stability, reduces fluidity and prevents solidification at low temps.
What are the functions of the plasma membrane? It is selectively permeable, contains receptors for recognising, produce electric impulses, receives information from external environment.
What do compartments in organelles allow for? They allow for specific functions to be carried out efficiently. Composition is similar to plasma membrane, allows to fuse, eg. vesicles to fuse to plasma membrane (transport) - controlled movement.
What is transport, receptor, recognition and adhesion proteins? Channels for substances to move through, bind to hormones and other substances that cause changes to cell activities, they attach to carbohydrate molecules and act as markers, they link cells together
What is the difference between a channel protein and carrier protein? a channel protein is an open lane where molecules can pass through via diffusion. Whereas carrier proteins use active transport and is against the concentration gradient.
What is diffusion? Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules through the membrane without the use of channels. Facilitated diffusion carries specific molecules to large or charged through the membrane via channel or carrier proteins. High to low concentration gradient.
What is osmosis? Type of diffusion on water movement. Osmotic pressure is pressure causing water to move along its concentration gradient. Osmotic gradient is waters concentration gradient.
What is isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic? Isotonic has no net movement of water, hypertonic is net movement out of cell – cell will shrivel, hypotonic is net movement into cell – cell will lyse
What is active transport? Movement of nay molecule against the concentration gradient by carrier proteins requiring energy in the form of ATP, eg. Gases sugars, amino acids, hormones, vitamins.
What are the three forms of endocytosis? Phagocytosis is engulfing solid material. Pinocytosis is engulfing fluids. Receptor- mediated is a type of pinocytosis where protein receptors respond to a particular material
Created by: lucyokane
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